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Serbian to English: Consumer Protection General field: Other Detailed field: Government / Politics
Source text - Serbian
Uvod
U sprovođenju aktivne politike zaštite potrošača, posebna pažnja je posvećena realizaciji aktivnosti iz Nacionalnog programa zaštite potrošača (NPZP), koje su usmjerene na:
- dalju harmonizaciju pravnog sistema zaštite potrošača,
- unapređivanje zaštite potrošača u određenim oblastima,
- saradnju sa organizacijama potrošačača i obrazovanju i informisanju potrošača.
Napredak u usklađivanju zakonodavstva
Potrošačko zakonodavstvo: Na osnovu ranije pripremljenih Smjernica za dalju harmonizaciju potrošačkog zakonodavstva, u saradnji sa ekspertima AIM Projekta, pripremljeni su Nacrt Zakona o zaštiti potrošača i Nacrt Zakona o potrošačkim kreditima, koji su u finalnoj fazi usaglašavanja sa Sekretarijatom za zakonodavstvo i drugim resornim ministarstvima (Ministarstvom pravde, Ministarstvom finasija i dr.).
Nacrt Zakona o zaštiti potrošača u potpunosti transponuje devet Direktiva EU (85/577/EEZ; 93/13/EEZ; 97/7/EZ; 98/6/EZ; 1999/44/EZ; 2002/65/EZ; 2005/29/EZ; 2008/122/EZ i 2009/22/EZ) i dvije Preporuke Komisije (98/257/EZ i 2001/310/EZ). Direktiva Savjeta 85/374/EEZ je prenešena u dijelu koji nije prenešen Zakonom o obligacionim odnosima.
Izvršeno je i usaglašavanje sa ciljem Regulative 2006/2004/EZ i preuzimanje člana 5 koji je usmjeren na sastavljanje liste nadležnih organa za sprovodjenje zakona kojima se štite prava potrošača, odnosno njeno ažuriranje i dostavljanje Komisiji (propisana primjena dostavljanja izvještaja je odložena do članstva Crne Gore u EU).
Nacrt Zakona o potrošačkim kreditima usklađen je sa Direktivom 2008/48/EZ Evropskoga parlamenta o ugovorima o potrošačkom kreditu.
Zakonodavstvo na području opšte bezbjednosti proizvoda i nadzora tržišta:
Plan usklađivanja Crne Gore u oblasti opšte bezbjednosti proizvoda i tržišnog nadzora uzima u obzir činjenicu da je još uvjek u toku revizija GPSD. Trenutno, postoje dva glavna pravna akta koji čine okvir za tržišni nadzor u državama članicama EU (GPSD i Regulativa 765/2008), koji zajedno sa sektorskim pravnim aktima (uglavnom direktivama “novog pristupa”) uređuju ovu veoma važnu oblast EU acquisa.
Postojeći predlog programa harmonizacije zakonodavstva Crne Gore uključuje ova dva ključna akta iz oblasti tržišnog nadzora. Predložena struktura prati razvoj na nivou EU (zapisnik sa sastanka Komiteta 2001/95 o opštoj bezbjednosti proizvoda, Brisel – 13. oktobar 2011P. ). Paket opšte bezbjednosti proizvoda obuhvatiće tri glavna elementa: revidiranu GPSD, zasebnu, novu regulativu nadzora jedinstvenog tržišta (“single market surveillance regulation”) i višegodišnji okvirni program tržišnog nadzora.
Na ovoj osnovi, odlučeno je da zakonodavna reforma u Crnoj Gori uključi reviziju Zakona o opštoj bezbjednosti proizvoda (sa strukturom kao i revidirana GPSD) i izradu Zakona o tržišnom nadzoru (sa strukturom kao i regulativa nadzora jedinstvenog tržišta (“single market surveillance regulation”).
Izgradnja administrativnih kapaciteta, uključujući reformu tržišnog nadzora
Aktivnosti tijela i organa: Međuresorska Komisija za praćenje realizacije NPZP, u izvještajnom periodu, održala je dvije sjednice, na kojima je konstatovana realizacija sljedećih aktivnosti:
- Vlada je usvojila Godišnji izvještaj o relizaciji NPZP, za period avgust 2010 – jun 2011.god.;
- Planirana su finansijska sredstva u budžetu za 2012.godinu, potrebna za realizovanje Pilot projekta „Uvođenje zaštite potrošača u obrazovni sistem“;
- Ministarsvo unutrašnjih poslova u saradnji sa Koordinacionim odborom za reformu lokalne samouprave, u skladu sa NPZP, donijelo je Plan aktivnosti na podizanju nivoa zaštite potrošača u jedinicama lokalne samouprave;
- Planirane su aktivnosti Bankarskog ombudsmana čije uspostavljanje će doprinijeti boljoj zaštiti potrošača na području bankarskih usluga;
- Ministarstvo ekonomije je iz budžeta za 2011.god raspodijelilo finansijska sredstva (10.000e) organizacijama potrošača (CEZAP i ECOM).
Koordinaciono tijelo za tržišni nadzor je u izvještajnom periodu održalo tri sjednice, na kojima je konstatovana realizacija najznačajnijih aktivnosti, i to:
- Pokrenuto funkcionisanje Nacionalnog sistema za razmjenu informacija o opasnim proizvodima i pripremljeno Uputstvo za funkcionisanje kontaktne tačke i Nacionalnog istema;
- Pripremljen Nacrt Liste nadležnosti po grupama proizvoda, uz pomoć AIM Projekta, a u saradnji Koordinacionog tijela za tržišni nadzor i resornih oprgana. Nacrt liste će biti dostavljena Vladi CG na razmatranje i usvajanje, a treba da pomogne preciznom razgraničenju nadležnosti inspekcija u nadzoru nad tržištem, kao i da posluži kao stručni osnov za opredjeljivanje nadležnosti na ovom području prilikom izrade odgovarajućih zakona.
- U pripremi su godišnji programi tržišnog nadzora inspekcija koje vrše tržišni nadzor, koji će Koordinaciono tijelo objediniti u Nacionalni program tržišnog nadzora za 2012.god.
Tržišna inspekcija, kao Kontakt tačka u Nacionalnom sistemu za brzu razmjenu informacija o opasnim proizvodima, kontinuirano vrši pregled RAPEX izvještaja i odabir proizvoda za koje posumnja da se mogu naći na tržištu CG, i sprovodi nadzor kod tih proizvoda. U periodu maj - decembar, 2011.godine, sprovela je ukupno 902 kontrola, kojima je bilo obuhvaćeno 79 opasnih proizvoda sa RAPEX Izvještaja. Pronađen je jedan opasni proizvod (kaciga za motocikliste, RAPEX Izvještaj, br.37) i sprovedene su propisane mjere.
U saradnji sa AIM Projektom pripremljena je i sprovedena Pilot akcija „Nadzor nad tržištem“, u kojoj su učestvovale Tržišna inspekcija i Zdravstevno – sanitarnom inspekcijom. Tržišna inspekcija je zasnovala odabir proizvoda na informacijama sa RAPEX-a, iskustvima kolega iz Slovenije, stanju domaćih resursa i potrebama da se domaći potrošači, posebno djeca, zaštite od opasnih proizvoda na tržištu. Nadzorom su obuhvaćeni: dječje prenosne svjetiljke, hodalice za bebe i produžni kablovi na bubnjiću. Na tržištu su pronađene određene količine svih ovih proizvoda koje su opasne, zbog čega su preduzete propisane mjere. Zdravstveno-sanitarna inspekcija je sprovela nadzor nad obmanjujućim proizvodima i za sve nađene takve proizvode preduzela propisane mjere.
Takođe, Tržišna inspekcija je nakon Pilot akcije sprovodila pojačani nadzoru kako bi svi opasni proizvodi iz kontrolisanih grupa propizvoda bili uklonjenji sa tržišta. Istovremeno, u decembu je vršen tržišni nadzor svjetlećih nizova, pri čemu je utvrđeno prisustvo veće količine opasnih proizvoda iz ove grupe i preduzete propisane mjere.
U decembru 2011. godine, Tržišna inspekcija je dobila prvu obavijest od Uprave carina (Carinarnica Bar) za provjeru bezbjednosti proizvoda (dječja prenosna svjetiljka), koji je bio u postupku carinjenja. Tržišni inspektor je, u predviđenom roku, izvršio pregled i utvrdio da se radi o opasnom proizvodu, pa je donio rješenje o zabrani stavljanja predmetnog proizvoda na tržište, na osnovu čega je Uprava carina zabranila uvoz istog.
Tržišna inspekcija i Uprava carina su uz podršku AIM Projekta, usaglasili Memorandum o saradnji u cilju efikasnog vršenja nadzora proizvoda koji ulaze na tržište Crne Gore, čije potpisivanje će uslijediti.
Uspostavljen je web sajt Tržišne inspekcije ( www.ti.gov.me ), što obezbjeđuje mogućnost boljeg informisanja potrošača o njihovim pravima, kao i biznis sektora o obavezama prilikom stavljanja proizvoda i pružanja usluga na tržištu.
Arbitražni odbor za rješavanje sporova potrošača je u 2011.godini primio je šest tužbi potrošača, od kojih su četiri riješene u korist potrošača, a dvije tužbe su povučene od strane potrošača.
Članovima Arbitražnog odbora ističe mandat, pa je krajem 2011.godine, raspisan konkurs za izbor novog sastava AO.
U narednom periodu Privredna komora, koja vrši administrativno – tehničke poslove za Arbitražni odbor, planira aktivnosti na daljoj promociji uloge AO u rješavanju sporova potrošača.
Edukacija: Uz podršku AIM Projekta, sprovedeno je niz obuka koje su bile posvećene podizanju nivoa znanja inspektora, uglavnom tržišnih, i to posebno u oblasti tržišnog nadzora, koji treba da omogući adekvatnu zaštitu potrošača od opasnih proizvoda na tržištu (Trening trenera). Osposobljeno je devet tržišnh inspektora – trenera, koji prenose stečena znanja i iskustva kolegama.
Edukacijom su obuhvaćeni i članovi Koordinacionog tijela za tržišni nadzor. Teme edukacije bile su: organizacija tržišnog nadzora na nacionalnom nivou, RAPEX procedure, procjena rizika, planiranje tržišnog nadzora, izrada „check lista“, itd.
Krajem oktobra, 2011.godine, Tržišna inspekcija je uz stručnu pomoć AIM Projekta organizovala seminar „Tržišni nadzor (bezbjednost neprehrambenih proizvoda)“ i okrugli sto „Kako unaprijediti saradnju inspekcija i trgovaca“, na kojima su učestvovali i predstavnici Privredne komore i trgovaca.
Privredna komora putem seminara, radionica i okruglih stolova, koje organizuje za privrednike, sprovodi njihovo upoznavanje sa evropskim i nacionalnim zakonodavstvom na području zaštite potrošača i bezbjednosti proizvoda.
Reforma inspekcijskog sistema: Donešen je Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama o inspekcijskom nadzoru („Sl.list CG“, br. 57/11), koji je pravni osnov za dalju reformu inspekcijskog nadzora. Vlada je donijela novu Uredbu o organizaciji i načinu rada državne uprave, čije objavljivanje se očekuje u „Službenom listu CG“. Uredbom je predviđena Uprava za inspekcijske poslove u kojoj će biti i uglavnom sve inspekcije koje se bave nadzorom nad tržištem i zaštitom potrošača. Predviđeno je konstituisanje Uprave u roku 120 dana od dana stupanja na snagu Uredbe.
Nedostatak kadra: Određena radna mjesta u Tržišnoj inspekciji i Odsjeku zaštite potrošača u Ministratsvu ekonomije, iako su planirana, nijesu popunjena, zbog mjera Vlade CG, što otežava sprovođenje planiranih aktivnosti na području zaštite potrošača i nadzora nad tržištem.
Saradnja sa organizacijama potrošača i edukacija potrošača
Predstavnici organizacija potrošača su članovi Komisije za praćenje realizacije NPZP, tako da su neposredno uključeni u realizaciju politike zaštite potrošača.
U skladu sa NPZP (Poglavlje III - Obrazovanje i informisanje potrošača), obezbijeđena su budžetska sredstva za impelementiranje Pilot projekta „Uvođenje sadržaja zaštite potrošača u obrazovni sistem“.
Finansijska podrška organizacijama potrošača iz Budžeta za 2011.godine, u ukupnom iznosu od 10.000€, namijenjena je za podršku u sprovođenju javne rasprave o Nacrtu zakona o zaštiti potrošača i Nacrtu zakona o potrošačkim kreditima.
U dijelu informisanja potrošača, web sajt Tržišne inspekcije, koji sadrži korisne informacije za potrošače, daje mogućnost da putem istog šalju žalbu, kao i prijave, podneske. Na sajtu su i informacije o opasnim proizvodima koje je Tržišna inspekcija pronašla na tržištu.
Translation - English
Introduction
In conducting active consumer protection policy, special attention has been paid to realization of activities from the National Consumer Protection Program and these have been directed at the following:
- Further harmonization of consumer protection legislation,
- Improving consumer protection in certain areas,
- Cooperation with consumer organizations and providing education and information to consumers.
Progress in legislation harmonization
Consumer legislation: Based on previously prepared Guidelines for Further Harmonization of Consumer Legislation in cooperation with AIM Project experts, the Draft Consumer Protection Law and Draft Consumer Loans Law have been prepared and they are at their final stage of harmonization with the Secretariat for Legislation and other line ministries (Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Finance etc.)
Draft Consumer Protection Law fully transposes nine EU Directives (85/577/EEC; 93/13/EEC; 97/7/EC; 98/6/EC; 1999/44/EC; 2002/65/EC; 2005/29/EC; 2008/122/EC and 2009/22/EC) and two Commission Recommendations (98/257/EC and 2001/310/EC). Council Directive 85/374/EEC has been incorporated into the Law on Obligations.
Harmonization with the goal of 2006/2004/EC Regulation and adoption of Article 5 which is geared towards drawing up a list of competent bodies for implementation of laws which provide for consumer rights has also been carried out and the Regulation has been updated and submitted to the Commission (submitting reports as prescribed has been postponed until Montenegro acquires EU membership).
Draft Consumer Protection Law has been harmonized with 2008/48/EC European Parliament Directive on Consumer Loan Laws.
Legislation in the area of general product safety and market surveillance
Harmonization plan for Montenegro in the area of general product safety and market surveillance takes into consideration the fact that GPSD is still being revised. Currently, there are two main legal acts which constitute framework for market surveillance in EU member states (GPDS and 765/2008 Regulation) which, combined with sectoral legal acts (mainly “new approach” directives) define this very important area of EU acquis.
Current proposal for harmonization program for Montenegrin legislation includes these two crucial acts from the area of market surveillance. Proposed structure follows the development at the EU level (2001/95 minutes from Committee meeting on general product safety, Brussels, October 13, 2011). The package of general product safety will include three main elements: revised GPSD, individual, new single market surveillance regulation and perennial framework program for market surveillance.
Based on this, it has been decided for the legislation reform in Montenegro to include revision of the Law on General Product Safety (mirroring the structure from the revised GPSD) and drafting the Law on Market Surveillance (mirroring the structure from the single market surveillance regulation).
Building administrative capacities, including market surveillance reform
Body and authority activities: within the period this report refers to, inter-ministerial Commission for monitoring realization of National Consumer Protection Program (NCPP) held two sessions, at which realization of the following activities was stated:
- The Government adopted Annual Report on realization of the NCPP for the period August 2010 – June 2011;
- The budget for 2012 provides for realization of the Pilot project “Introducing Consumer Protection into Education System”;
- In cooperation with the Coordination committee for self-governance reform, the Ministry of Interior adopted the activity plan for raising the level of consumer protection in self-governance units;
- banking ombudsman activities were planned and these will contribute to a better consumer protection in the area of banking services;
- the Ministry of Economy set aside finances (EUR 10,000) for consumer organizations (CEZAP and ECOM) from the budget for 2011.
Market surveillance coordination body held three sessions within the period this report refers to and it was stated the most important activities were being conducted as follows:
- the functioning of the National System for Exchange of Information on Hazardous Products was set in motion and the Manual for contact point and National system was prepared;
- Draft List of competences according to product groups was prepared, assisted by AIM Program, in cooperation with the Market Surveillance Coordination Body and line authorities. Draft list will be submitted to the Government of Montenegro for revision and adoption, and it is supposed to help with clarifying exact competences of inspections in market surveillance, as well as to provide groundwork for delegating competence in the area during development of corresponding laws.
- Annual programs of market surveillance of inspections which conduct market surveillance are being prepared and they will be encompassed by the Coordination body into 2012 National Market Surveillance Program.
Market inspection, as a Contact point in the National System for Quick Exchange of Information on Hazardous Products, has been continually reviewing RAPEX report and selection of products it assumes could be found in the Montenegrin market, and conducts surveillance over those products. Within the period May – December 2011, it conducted 902 controls, which encompassed 79 hazardous products from RAPEX report. One hazardous product was found (motorcycle helmet, RAPEX report 37) and prescribed measures were undertaken.
In cooperation with AIM Project, the Pilot action “Market Surveillance” was conducted, involving Market Inspection and Health – Sanitary Inspection. Market Inspection selected products based on information from RAPEX, on experience from colleagues from Slovenia, condition of domestic resources and the need to protect domestic consumers, especially children from hazardous products in the market. Surveillance included the following: portable children’s night lights, baby walkers and extension cord reel. A certain number of these hazardous products were found in the market and the appropriate measures were undertaken. Health-sanitary Inspection conducted surveillance over misleading products and undertook prescribed measures for each product found.
In addition, after the Pilot action, the Market Inspection has been conducting closer surveillance so as all hazardous products from the groups being controlled would be removed from the market. At the same time, market surveillance was conducted over light strings in December, when it was determined there was a large number of hazardous products from this group and prescribed measures were conducted.
In December 2011 Market Inspection got the first request from the Customs Administration (Customs Office Bar) for the product safety check (portable children’s night light), which was at the customs clearance. A market inspector conducted the inspection within the period set and they determined it was a hazardous product, so they issued a ban on placing the product in the market, and based on this the Customs Administration banned the import of the product.
With the support from AIM Project, the Market Inspection and Customs Administration have drawn up Memorandum on cooperation with a view to successful surveillance over the products entering the market of Montenegro, and it is to be signed.
Market Inspection website has been launched (www.ti.gov.me), which both enables consumers to be better informed on their rights and informs business sector about their obligations when placing products and providing services in the market.
Arbitration Committee for resolving consumer disputes received six consumer lawsuits during 2011, four of which were resolved in favour of consumers, and two of them were withdrawn by consumers.
Arbitration Committee members are coming to an end of their term of office, so competition for new composition of the Arbitration Committee was announced at the end of 2011.
For the upcoming period the Chamber of Commerce, which conducts administrative-technical tasks for the Arbitration committee, is planning activities at further promotion of the role of Arbitration Committee in resolving consumer disputes.
Education: With the support from AIM project, a series of trainings were implemented and they were aimed at educating inspectors, mainly market ones, especially in the area of market surveillance, which is supposed to provide adequate consumer protection from hazardous products (trainer training).
Members of Coordination Market Surveillance Body were also included in the Education program. Topics of education program were the following: organization of market surveillance at the national level, RAPEX procedures, risk assessment, planning market surveillance, drawing up “check lists”, etc.
At the end of October 2011, supported by the expertise from AIM Project, the Market Inspection organized the seminar “Market surveillance (non-food products safety)” and round table “How to improve cooperation between inspections and traders” which both Chamber of Commerce and traders’ representatives attended.
Through seminars, workshops and round tables it organizes for businessmen, the Chamber of Commerce makes sure they are familiar with European and national legislation in the area of consumer protection and product safety.
Inspection System Reform: the Law Amending the Law on Inspection Surveillance has been adopted (Official Gazette of Montenegro, 57/11) which is a legal basis for further reform of the inspection surveillance. The Government has adopted a new Decree on organization and manner of operation of state administration, which is to be published at Official Gazette of Montenegro. The Decree provides for Inspection Administration which will include almost all inspections conducting surveillance over market and consumer protection. The Administration is planned to be constituted within 120 days from Decree’s entry into force.
Lack of staff: Certain jobs in the Market Inspection and Consumer Protection Department in the Ministry of Economy are not filled although it was planned to be so, due to the Government of Montenegro measures, which complicates implementation of planned activities in the area of consumer protection and market surveillance.
Cooperation with consumer organizations and consumer education
Consumer organization representatives are members of the Commission for monitoring realization of NCPP, so they are directly included in the realization of consumer protection policy.
In accordance with NCPP (Chapter II – Providing education and information to consumers), the budget provides for finances for implementation of the Pilot Project “Introducing consumer protection into education system”.
Financial support to consumer organizations from the Budget for 2011, in the total amount of EUR 10,000 is intended to be used for support in conducting public discussion on Draft Consumer Protection Law and Draft Consumer Loans Law.
As regards to informing consumers, Market Inspection website, which contains useful consumer information, also allows for reports and petitions to be filed using the website. It also contains information on hazardous products the Market Inspection has detected in the market.
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