Вполне применимый термин и для нейронов, насколько мне известно.

например, здесь:

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dendritic pr...

Спраутинг здесь не получится применить, я так понимаю, ибо уточнений нет.

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Note added at 15 mins (2016-07-16 09:57:43 GMT)
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learns about neurons is that they have two kinds of processes: axons and dendrites.

http://www.cell.com/trends/neurosciences/pdf/0166-2236(89)90...

F-actin is not responsible for long-distance transport along dendritic or axonal processes. Microtubules fill the center of the axonal and dendritic processes, and .

https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=KqwyCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33&lp...

Dendrites, the neuritic processes that are the main receivers of synaptic input, are ...

https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=T2_oPdo3hAIC&pg=PA153&l...





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Note added at 17 mins (2016-07-16 09:58:53 GMT)
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of axons and dendrites—referred to collectively as processes—distinguishes ...

https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=qaavE9lqW9IC&pg=PA143&l...