English to Polish Tech/Engineering Electronics / Elect Eng

The bandgap reference technique is one of the most commonly used methods for creating a temperature-independent reference voltage.

Bob Widlar, the legendary electronics engineer, laid the foundation for today’s bandgap voltage references in the late 1960s. Before that, the only semiconductor solution relied on using noisy, temperature-sensitive Zener diodes. In addition to these drawbacks, the Zener diode based method required supply levels larger than 5 V.

We will see that a normal bandgap voltage reference can generate reference voltages as low as about 1.23 V. Additionally, there is a group of bandgap references, called fractional bandgaps, that can create output voltages as low as a few millivolts.