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It is important to begin by defining what we mean by the term career. Maclean argues that for sociologists the term career "implies a long term commitment on the part of a person to obtaining promotion, through the status hierarchy that exists in their occupation, according to some time schedule" as opposed to occupations which are 'relatively continuous patterns of activities that provide workers with a livelihood and define their general social status'. However, what Maclean calls 'occupation' is usually taken in the literature we go on to discuss *to mean the same thing as career*. We follow the majority of educational research literature in using this broader definition of career.

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