Jun 1, 2014 02:04
10 yrs ago
1 viewer *
French term

brevet d’existence

French to English Bus/Financial Art, Arts & Crafts, Painting
Le doute fait baisser les valeurs marchande et esthétique des œuvres d’art contemporain sur un marché spéculatif à prix élevés. C’est pour cette raison que le critique d’art et l’expert détiennent le pouvoir de la délivrance des ***‘brevets d’existence’*** des œuvres soumises à leur analyse.

This is an article on aesthetic and market values in contemporary art, and the legitimatizing of works of art.
Change log

Jun 1, 2014 08:18: writeaway changed "Field" from "Art/Literary" to "Bus/Financial"

Discussion

Silvia Brandon-Pérez (asker) Jun 1, 2014:
Very grateful... This is what I love best about the forum... the heated debates and discussions. I do agree with those of you who have talked about 'irony,' because much of the content in the seven pages of text, over 5,000 words, in fact, is about the ridiculousness of the current 'art world,' where lesser artists are publicized and given more play than the more traditional and valuable artists. Where art can be said not to 'exist' if not recognized. Helen's comment to David that "If a work does not get 'authenticated' as art it is just a painting, sculpture or whatever, but not one that is apparently deserving of this cachet" rings quite true... I think her later comment that "a work may as well not exist in as far as the art market is concerned" without this stamp of 'approval' is to the point. I think I am going to use 'stamp of existence,' with a note summarizing some of your points. I do think much of the 5,000 words of text go to the author's disgust with the rule of money in the art world, and it even talks about money being the 'sovereign.'
Alan Douglas (X) Jun 1, 2014:
Dog walking... time for reflection Never have I seen so much heated debate over one, obviously not so simple, term on KudoZ. Sundays must be really boring!

For what it's worth at this stage, having taken on board everything that's been said, I'm going to throw one last suggestion into the pot: seal of validity (by extension from seal of approval).

Not a certificate, not an official document, doesn't exist in any real sense so can be taken as ironic: the art expert graciously deigns to recognise that the object in question has validity and therefore exists as a work of art.

Chris Maddux Jun 1, 2014:
As to my knowledge there is no specific rule of art... but for the context given, the words used, the etymology of the words, it is still up for debate as to the exact word choice of the author to define this perplexing word choice.
Chris Maddux Jun 1, 2014:
At this point, I do believe we are questioning the legitimacy of "art" itself, and who dictates what it is and how it is defined... art is defined by that of the viewer of said "artistic" piece. No one true person is capable of defining what art is... but an individual may give a stamp of approval to an artistic piece, art truly is "art", defined by an artist bestowing properties onto a media that can be viewed by many with different meanings. Yet, an individual who wishes to display said art in a gallery can question someone in the "art world" to define a piece as art, who would typically give it "their seal of approval" deeming it authentic art to be displayed in such a fashion. The art world may not have an exact "verified/official certification of authenticity", but I am sure many critics wouldn't call certain art, "art", unless it was approved by others. Maybe it should be [approval of art in the art circles of the world, defined by those who chose to see this piece as art].
Helen Shiner Jun 1, 2014:
Clarification I am advocating the use of inverted commas around 'THE stamp of authentication' in my answer, since there is no such thing as THE STAMP ....
Helen Shiner Jun 1, 2014:
@David I don't agree it is about whether a work is fake or not. It is about whether the great and the good deem to see fit to confer on it the appellation of 'contemporary art' or even 'art' in the contemporary world. If a work does not get 'authenticated' as art it is just a painting, sculpture or whatever, but not one that is apparently deserving of this cachet. In the modern period, it was famously the artist who said what was art, now the market determines it (at least that is what the author is saying) and these are two of the mechanisms by which it does it.
David Vaughn Jun 1, 2014:
@authenticity I just think authenticity is not the right word here. Its meaning is very specific in the art world. While aesthetics may enter into making a decision about authenticity, it is a factual determination. A work is authenticated as being made by a certain artist (or for historical works, a certain school, certain place, etc) and of having been executed at a certain date. That is the limit of "authentication". The same person may indeed supply additional aesthetic information, and even market information. It's like a doctor's "diagnosis", if she tells you to stop eating sugar, that is not the diagnosis, although it may accompany it. Calling "don't eat sugar" a diagnosis would be offbase.
Helen Shiner Jun 1, 2014:
@David The point being that without the conferring of authenticity either by critics or experts a work may as well not exist in as far as the art market is concerned, which is the point of the author's statement - see previous sentence. Chagall is not considered contemporary art in any circles; that was not my point.
David Vaughn Jun 1, 2014:
fake It is because of the word "existence". Together with "brevet" the author is clearly signalling that s/he is concerned with discerning a statute of "existence" on an art work. Who is claiming that the object does NOT EXIST? And in true contemporary art, in most cases the artist is still alive, there is little doubt about provinence, the question is not if Hirst is the author of the work, nor even when it was executed, the question is if it is important and expensive. Chagall is usually not considered contemporary art in my circles, but no need to debate that.
Helen Shiner Jun 1, 2014:
@David I think it is simply metaphorical. I would also not use 'certificate of authenticity' as I have made clear both in my answer and discussion entry.
David Vaughn Jun 1, 2014:
@Helen I guess we can discuss whether a critic or other person can bring a work into "existence" merely by their opinion about it. "Tragic irony" consists in a distance between the stated term and its intended meaning. I believe the author here is using the term "brevet" ironically, sarcastically. But it is not being used without some kind of distance, if you see that as limited to metaphor, that may allow the use of an English term metaphorically, but a "certificate of authenticity" would be completely misleading because it would likely be taken literally.
Helen Shiner Jun 1, 2014:
@David Why can you not see that there is a double meaning or rather, as I said, the author has sought to find a term that covers both what a critic does and what an expert does when he/she authenticates a work of art? Just consider for one moment what has recently happened with a work considered a 'fake' by the Chagall Committee; they have ordered it to be destroyed. The power of such authenticators is immense and does indeed convey, rightly or wrongly, a stamp of authentication as art to a work, irrespective of whether a 'certificate' is actually issued, and the same applies to critics' writing. Certain influential critics do get to determine what is considered, BY THE ART MARKET, to be art in the contemporary world. I don't like it, nor do I personally think it is ethical, but it is how things are at the moment. Just think of Saatchi's malign influence on contemporary art. Great if you are Damien Hirst, et al, but not if you are not.
David Vaughn Jun 1, 2014:
No, not the closest translation This is NOT referring to authenticating a work of art, which in contemporary art consists almost entirely of attributing a work to a particular artist and possibly to a specific time frame. Here the question is of saying an object "is art". No critic would ever issue a certificate of authenticity to do that, except at the request of a conceptual artist as a "game". The author here has very clearly made the decision to not use "certificat d'authenticité", the term for what you are all referring to. This is one of those very rare cases where there is virtually a 99.9% corespondance between terms in different languages. The author doesn't sound like an idiot to me, so I trust his/her judgement.
Helen Shiner Jun 1, 2014:
@David I am not advocating translating 'brevet' as a certificate. It is evidently metaphorical with a reference to such certification in the mix. However, I do not agree that metaphorical = irony.
Chris Maddux Jun 1, 2014:
But isn't the translation to the closest thing of English.... There is no true word in English that encompasses all of that into a simple word, other than that of a certified authenticity, which means that it is considered "art". Whether it is "Ironic" or not, Art certified holds a specific meaning to those in the biz....
David Vaughn Jun 1, 2014:
"Neither do I state anywhere that 'brevet' is used "Neither do I state anywhere that 'brevet' is used in that way."

??

Then why are you commenting on this term, "brevet"?
David Vaughn Jun 1, 2014:
Brevet There are 2 uses of the word brevet in French. The first and most common is a document issued by the state. The second usage is purely metaphorical, "un brevet de tranquillité". Since art critics are not government employees, we are clearly speaking of metaphor here. I can see how someone would image these words could be used to speak of an actual certificat d'authenticité, which is even a legal term in French. But a brevet it is not.
Helen Shiner Jun 1, 2014:
No irony I still do not consider it ironic. Neither do I state anywhere that 'brevet' is used in that way. Experts are routinely asked to provide such authentication, by the way; look in any auction catalogue for sales of modern or contemporary art.
David Vaughn Jun 1, 2014:
Obvious Irony There is no art term "brevet", except as a very low level diploma for studies. Yes, experts sometime provide "certificates of authenticity", which are NEVER called brevet in French. But the author is clearly NOT referring to a certificate of authenticity, because the question is NOT if a particular artist is the author of a specific work, but rather whether that art piece is "real art".
Helen Shiner Jun 1, 2014:
@Chris :)
Chris Maddux Jun 1, 2014:
Irony.... Thank you Helen for your words of wisdom.
Helen Shiner Jun 1, 2014:
Irony? I see no irony here. It is a statement of fact. Experts are asked to provide certificates of authenticity. Critics may legitimise works of art by writing about them. The issue here, it seems to me, is that the author is trying to encompass both concepts within one term. I would suggest going for something in EN that can read both as a factual statement but also metaphorically, so that what a critic may do can be included in its meaning. ... are able to confer 'the stamp of authenticity' on the works submitted to them for analysis ...
David Vaughn Jun 1, 2014:
non-existence The important element in this phrase is that a brevet d'existence does not exist. In the various quotes given, it is always presented as a symbol. The contemporary quote here may or may not refer to 18th century erudite writings (just as may be the case with the translated Eco quote), but what is constant in all of these quotes (even though they refer to various contrasting concepts) is that they refer to a non-object, the brevet in every case is not a document, but a metaphor.

Proposed translations

+2
7 hrs
French term (edited): le pouvoir de la délivrance des 'brevets d’existence' ...
Selected

the power to bestow 'seals of existence' on ...

'seals of existence' by analogy with / parody of 'seals of authenticity'

Le doute fait baisser les valeurs marchande et esthétique des œuvres d’art contemporain sur un marché spéculatif à prix élevés. C’est pour cette raison que le critique d’art et l’expert détiennent le pouvoir de la délivrance des brevets d’existence des œuvres soumises à leur analyse.<>

... art critics and experts hold the power to bestow seals of existence on works of art submitted ...

In real life, there's no such thing as a "brevet d’existence" for works of art (anyway, the fact the term is between quote marks should be a pretty good clue); in this ST is just a figure of style, not any king of real "official certificate of authenticity" delivered by verified or self-proclaimed art experts. What is said is

it's like events - if it's not in the news, it never happened - if art critics and experts ignore or disparage some work of art, it doesn't exist.


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Note added at 7 hrs (2014-06-01 09:26:40 GMT)
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'bestow' was used on purpose - art critics and experts are like emperors bestowing nobility titles upon mere commoners - art is not art if they don't say so.
Note from asker:
This was a very well-written essay... clearly the writer could have chosen another word, so I agree this is a parody. I wrote a note to the client explaining this, and sent them the link to this discussion. Thank you!
Peer comment(s):

agree David Vaughn : I think switching to the singular would be better for the ear, "a seal of existence". While the idea is correct can we find something sounding better? Diploma? Coat of arms? Or pushing the parody, Critic's Club Seal of Approval of Existence
34 mins
the crucial first step was to get the right nuance of meaning, the Askers will find an option suitable for the general tone of the ST. Thanks!
agree Chris Maddux : I agree with you, but are we quoting the actual phrase that we are looking for, or are we looking for what needed to be translated.
1 hr
I proposed one possible translation. Thanks!
neutral Sheri P : Sorry, but this sounds plain awkward, even surrounded by quotes. It just sounds like a mistake for "seals of approval." The parody doesn't really come through.//Don't see the point of slavish adherence to the ST if it results in this kind of awkwardness.
4 hrs
well may be, but blame the ST, not the messenger trying its best to avoid the pun getting lost in translation ...
Something went wrong...
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
-2
44 mins

verified/official certification of authenticity

Brevet has to do with a piece of paper in older French, d'existence is about the existence of the art.
Example sentence:

The caretaker of the works of arts required all paintings to be verified with certifications of authenticity.

Note from asker:
Thank you, Chris, for your input!
Peer comment(s):

disagree Daryo : you missed the irony / parody
6 hrs
m'eclairer....
disagree David Vaughn : The author is commenting on fake authentification.
7 hrs
Something went wrong...
1 hr

confer legitimacy

I don't know if this is necessarily about certifying authenticity, as in the previous answer. I think it may have to do with the art critic having the power to make or break a work of art by giving his/her imprimatur and saying that the work is worthy, that it's "real art." That said, I don't know of a literal translation of "brevet d’existence" in English that would work here. I would instead use a phrase like "confer legitimacy" to express the idea: "...art critics and experts have the power to confer legitimacy on works..." In other words, art critics and experts have the power to say what is and isn't "art."
Note from asker:
Thank you, Sheri. I would have chosen your answer, except that I do think the author of the essay chose 'existence' purposely...
Peer comment(s):

neutral Daryo : that's the idea, but in this ST it goes further than just legitimacy - the very existence of some work as art depends on art critics and experts deigning to take a look at it
5 hrs
Something went wrong...
-2
5 hrs

certificate of authenticty

I would appear that brevet d'existence is an older and more literary term for a certificate of authenticity.

See: http://www.artbusiness.com/certaut.html:
Unless a certificate of authenticity originates from and is signed by either the artist who created the art, the publisher of the art (in the case of limited editions), a confirmed established dealer or agent of the artist... or an acknowledged expert on the artist, that certificate is pretty much meaningless. A legitimate COA must contain specific details about the art such as what the medium is (painting, sculpture, digital print, etc.), the name of the artist or publisher (or both), the art's exact title, dimensions, details of the edition size if it is a limited edition, and when applicable, the names of reference books or other resources that contain either specific or related information about either that work of art or the artist who produced it. The title and qualifications of the individual or entity that authored the certificate should also be included, as well as their contact information, and both contact information and qualifications must be verifiable.

See also:
http://www.artcertificate.eu/certificat-authenticite-oeuvre-...
Certificat authenticité art
Un certificat d'authenticité d'art est un document nécessaire à l'attribution d'une œuvre d'art à un artiste, ou de la paternité d'un témoignage à un individu. Il peut comporter le titre de l'œuvre, la date de sa création, le nom de l'artiste et différents éléments propres à la discipline artistique (support, dimensions, nombre d'exemplaires réalisés, matériaux, photo de l'œuvre, etc.).
La valeur d’un certificat d’authenticité d'art vient de la notoriété de la personne qui le rédige, lorsque cette dernière est reconnue au moment de la rédaction du certificat par tous les professionnels, comme la plus compétente pour ce sujet ou pour cet artiste.

For its more literary use, in the sense that someone or something actually exists, see:

http://www.books.fr/blog/ontologie-du-marsupilami/
Umberto Eco, revenant sur une rumeur portant sur la guerre des Malouines, a proposé l’idée que, dès lors que nous mettons un nom sur quelque chose, cette chose, même inexistante, dispose automatiquement d’un brevet d’existence, et que c’est là l’un des moyens qui permettent à une rumeur de survivre et de s’amplifier.

http://rigaut.blogspot.fr/2005_10_01_archive.html
Je suis assez d'accord avec ça, d'ailleurs j'ai fait mon autoportrait. (Il sort, de sa poche, une feuille qu'il déplie et montre à Véronika). Vous me reconnaissez ? C'est mon seul brevet d'existence. Mais de temps en temps, je suis content. Par exemple, ici avec vous, même si j'ai emprunté l'argent pour y venir.


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Note added at 5 heures (2014-06-01 07:23:32 GMT)
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See also:

5. Section, suite de la révolution française par Jean François Georgel
Dans l’une de ces fêtes, Robspierre devoit bientôt figurer comme pontife d’Etre suprême, auquel il avoit bien voulu enfin accorder un brevet d’existence, comme à l’âme, celui de l’immortalité.

Genèses du roman : Balzac et Sand : pour Nicole Mozet
"Pour l’obtention d’un brevet d’existence", écho qui répercute le désespoir de Chabert.
Dans son ensemble, l’histoire du soldat Dihn répète celle du colonel Chabert : blessé à mort au champ de bataille et sauvé par miracle, un an après l’annonce de son décès il revient et pendant dix années s’efforcera désespérément de légitimer son existence - Chabert aussi est "rebuté par sa femme, par la justice, par la création social entière".


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Note added at 7 heures (2014-06-01 09:56:24 GMT)
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(Very) similar wording and tone in this extract. I get your point.


http://www.cairn.info/zen.php?ID_ARTICLE=INNO_031_0199 (page 29)
D’abord la figure du critique, tout comme la figure de l’expert, sont centrales, car les amateurs, comme les collectionneurs d’art contemporain (et pas seulement) achètent des noms plus que des œuvres, d’où l’importance primordiale de l’expert qui authentifie, et celle du critique qui soutient un artiste ou une œuvre. Le doute disqualifie les œuvres d’art contemporain sur un marché spéculatif à prix élevés. Pour ces raisons essentielles le critique d’art, comme son confrère l’expert, sont adulés ou critiqués du fait qu’ils détiennent le pouvoir redoutable de la délivrance des brevets d’existence des œuvres, soumises à leur analyse. Les impératifs économiques du marché de l’art contemporain, et qui traduisent sa grande fragilité, ne peuvent que renforcer la demande de reconnaissance. Sans elle, tout s’effondre. Face à ce dilemme cornélien, l’argent roi étant le véritable souverain de l’art, la critique partage l’opinion des spéculateurs, sans dénoncer aucunement l’importance sans doute injustifiée de certaines œuvres de l’art contemporain. Elle les confirme.
Note from asker:
Your answer was well thought out, it taught me some things I didn't know, but in this case, I agree this is almost a parody, a very deliberate take on 'existence.' Thank you for your wonderful comments and suggestions.
Peer comment(s):

disagree Daryo : you missed the irony / parody
2 hrs
See note added above
disagree David Vaughn : As Daryo says, the phrase insists on the phoniness of this designation. Note that except for Eco's invention, your sources refer to people, someone wanting proof that they themselves exist.
2 hrs
See note added above
Something went wrong...
-1
8 hrs

[are able to confer a] 'the stamp of authenticity'

Please see my discussion comments.

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Note added at 8 hrs (2014-06-01 10:44:59 GMT)
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Apologies, the 'a' should not be there.
Note from asker:
Agree with the comments; excellent answer as far as it goes, but this particular essay, and the framing of the phrase, goes against a 'serious' answer. Thank you!
Peer comment(s):

neutral David Vaughn : This at least avoids sounding like a document. But I still believe the author chose not to use authenticité for a reason. The author's question is not whether a work is authentic, but indeed, "does it exist?"
1 hr
Does it exist FOR THE ART MARKET, not per se. Why would anyone debate the existence of something that is not there?
disagree Daryo : that would be the translation for "marque" / "certificat d'authenticité" (related to the opposition genuine/fake) – but that's not in the ST.// the ST is about some work existing at all or not as art.
22 hrs
It is an EN idiom, in inverted commas and is NOT a translation for marque./Suggest you read the discussion.
Something went wrong...
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