This site uses cookies.
Some of these cookies are essential to the operation of the site,
while others help to improve your experience by providing insights into how the site is being used.
For more information, please see the ProZ.com privacy policy.
This person has a SecurePRO™ card. Because this person is not a ProZ.com Plus subscriber, to view his or her SecurePRO™ card you must be a ProZ.com Business member or Plus subscriber.
Affiliations
This person is not affiliated with any business or Blue Board record at ProZ.com.
English to Spanish: Exosomes General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical: Health Care
Source text - English First discovered in maturing mammalian reticulocyte (immature red blood cell), exosomes are ∼40- to 100-nm vesicles secreted by a wide range of mammalian cell types [24]. The term exosome (at that time derived from microvesicles) was first coined by Trams et al. in the early 1980s [25]. The exosomes consist of a lipid bilayer membrane surrounding a small cytosol and are devoid of cellular organelles. Exosomes contain various molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including proteins and nucleic acid material (all types of RNAs) [26]. Although the
exosomal protein composition varies with the cell and tissue of origin, most exosomes contain an evolutionary-conserved common set of protein molecules [27]. The RNA molecules in
exosomes include mRNAs, and recently recognized miRNAs. Over the years, researchers have been able to capture exosome biogenesis process in different cell types and have successfully
isolated these membranous bodies from diverse sources ranging from blood plasma [28], serum [29], and urine [30]. The biogenesis of exosomes (summarized in Fig. 1) is a very tightly
regulated process governed by multiple signaling molecules and begins with the receptor activation that is unique for each type of cell [31].
Translation - Spanish Los exosomas, descubiertos en reticulocitos (glóbulos rojos inmaduros) de mamíferos maduros, son vesículas de ∼40- a 100-nm secretadas por una amplia variedad de tipos de células de
mamíferos. El término exosoma (en aquella época derivado de microvesículas) fue acuñado por primera vez por Trams y sus colaboradores, a principios de los años 80 [25]. Los exosomas
están formados por una membrana lípida bimolecular rodeada de un pequeño hialoplasma y carecen de organelos. Contienen varios componentes moleculares de su célula original, incluyendo proteínas y material ácido nucleico (todo tipo de ARNs) [26]. Aunque la composición de la proteína del exosoma varía con la célula y el tejido de origen, la mayoría contiene un juego de moléculas de proteínas comunes conservadas evolutivamente [27]. Las moléculas de ARN en los exosomas incluyen ARNm y ARNmi, reconocidos recientemente. Con el paso de los años, los investigadores han sido capaces de captar el proceso de iogénesis en distintos tipos de células y han aislado con éxito estos cuerpos membranosos de diversas fuentes, que van desde plasma sanguíneo [28], hasta suero [29], y orina [30]. La biogénesis de
los exosomas (resumida en la Fig. 1) es un proceso estrictamente regulado, dirigido por múltiples moléculas de señalización y empieza con la activación del receptor que es único para cada tipo de célula [31].
Spanish to English: Scalfari
Source text - Spanish Scalfari, fundador del periódico La Repubblica, observó que la web, con los efectos homogenizadores de su memoria colectiva artificial, le ha dado a la generación joven pocos incentivos para ejercer su propia memoria. Después de todo, ¿para qué registrar un dato en la memoria si sabemos que siempre estará disponible apretando un botón? Scalfari también observó que, aunque internet nos da la impresión de que nos conecta con el resto del mundo, a fin de cuentas es una sentencia de soledad autoimpuesta. Coincido con Scalfari en que la pereza y el aislamiento que promueve la web son dos de los mayores flagelos de nuestro tiempo. Y si somos perfectamente capaces de cultivar la memoria al escribir, ciertamente también podemos hacerlo al navegar por internet, internalizando lo que aprendemos en la web. El hecho es que ésta no es algo que podamos descartar como el telar eléctrico, el automóvil y la televisión antes que ella, la web llegó para quedarse. Nada, ni siquiera los dictadores, podrá eliminarla. Así que la cuestión no es cómo reconocer los riesgos inherentes de internet, sino cómo darle el mejor uso.
Translation - English Scalfari, founder of the newspaper La República, noticed that the Web, with the homogeneizing effects of its artificial collective memory, has given younger generations little incentives to use
their own memory. After all, why bothering in registering a data in our memory if we know that we can have it available just by pressing a button? Scalfari also noticed that, although Internet
gives the impression of connecting us to the rest of the world, finally it is a sentence of solitude. I agree with Scalfari that the laziness and isolation caused by the Web, are two of the largest whips of the age. And if all of us are totally capable of improving our memory while writing, certainly we also can do so while surfing the Internet, internalising what we learn through the Web.
More
Less
Translation education
Master's degree - School /High school/college
Experience
Years of experience: 15. Registered at ProZ.com: May 2013. Became a member: Nov 2015.
Credentials
Spanish to English (Universitat Jaume I, verified) English to Spanish (Universitat Jaume I, Facultat de Ciències Humanes i Socials, Departament de Traducció i Comunicació, verified) English to Spanish (Proficiency) English to Spanish (Arquitectura Técnica) German to Spanish (Universitat Jaume I, Facultat de Ciències Humanes i Socials, Departament de Traducció i Comunicació, verified)
Spanish to English (Universitat Jaume I, Facultat de Ciències Humanes i Socials, Departament de Traducció i Comunicació) German to Spanish (Universitat Jaume I, Facultat de Ciències Humanes i Socials, Departament de Traducció i Comunicació) English to Spanish (Universitat Jaume I, Facultat de Ciències Humanes i Socials, Departament de Traducció i Comunicació)
More
Less
Memberships
N/A
Software
Across, Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Photoshop, memoQ, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, SDLX, Trados Studio, XTM
My work is my passion, and the satisfaction of my clients is my aim. This is achieved through a precise, neat, and professional work.
I am a native Spanish speaker (mother tongue). I have Cambridge Proficiency in English Certificate. I am a Building Engineer and a Certified Translator. During my childhood I lived in the USA so my skills in English can be considered native ones.
I have perfect command of both languages and have been working as a translator and transcriber for the last 6 years, in many fields being technical websites, books and articles my specialty.
Time and good work have given enough experience to dedicate totally and profoundly to this. Deadlines and accurate results are both the most important when it comes not only to customer satisfaction but to mine.
This user has earned KudoZ points by helping other translators with PRO-level terms. Click point total(s) to see term translations provided.
Member since Nov '15
Expertise 
