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Japanese to English: Theme- Business Detailed field: Business/Commerce (general)
Source text - Japanese 日本企業の特徴である株式持合いによる株主安定化、永年勤続者、内部功労者からなる取締役会、企業・銀行間の相互関係などの構造は、70年代までは経営の自由度や安定性を高め、長期的な視野に立つ経営を可能にすることで戦後の高度成長に寄与した点は否めない。しかし80年代以降、事業機会の縮小、企業内の余剰資金の形成、R&D投資の必要性など、外部環境の変化に直面し、負債による規律の後退、金融自由化によるメインバンクの経営規律機能の低下、年功ルールに依存した経営者選任の仕組みによる問題点が発生するなど、システムの負の側面が顕在化し、過剰投資や効率性の低下、必要な事業再組織化の遅れをもたらした。
外部環境が大きく変化し、資本市場圧力が上昇した90年代に入って日本企業は、かつての同質的な構造から急速な分化を示し始めた。その中でもとくに注目されるのは､長期雇用の慣行と両立的な形でさまざまな自発的な改革を進める企業群が存在することであり､しかもその企業群のパフォーマンスが相対的に高いことが確認できる。
Translation - English Until the 70's some unique qualities of the Japanese industry: such as the stabilization of stockholding due to cross-holding of shares, continuous service employment, and merit-based internally selected board members, the businesses-banks relationships have escalated in freedom and stability. For these reason, the long term economic vision of the post war period has brought about rapid growth in the industry. However, after the 80�fs several events took place: the tightening of business opportunities, the intra-firm formation of excess funds, the necessity of capitals for R & D, dealing with the changing environments, the lessening of regulations due to liabilities, the deterioration of the Main Bank based economic regulation due to deregulation of financial institutions, and the problems that arose due to the selection of managers based on the long service (seniority) rule. All these factors led to the surfacing of the flaws in the system, to over-investing with deteriorating efficiency, and into the delaying of the much-needed restructuring of the industry.
As the external environment increasingly changed, Japan faced the intensified pressure of the capitalist market in the 90�fs and began to rapidly undergo a differentiation from its homogeneous economic structures. Particularly noteworthy was that a group of companies that combined the custom of long-term employment with voluntarily creating changes in the old practices began to appear. In addition it was confirmed that these new group of companies seemed to perform comparatively better.
Translator
Hajime Tomiyama
English to Japanese: Theme- Technology
Source text - English One of the greater impacts of the Internet on the field of language services is that there is now a broader perception that there is now a broader perception that machine translation (MT) technology provides a spectrum of tools for use in different circumstances. Free, fast translations are only good enough to get the gist of a document. Better translations require fancier systems, and more effort on the part of users to accommodate their vagaries.
It seems unlikely, however, that MT will ever shake off its reputation for making silly mistakes. It is often noted that, even with the best human translators, some people are unhappy with the results, because of inappropriate use of style or terminology. The quality of translation is, in other words, highly subjective. MT often gets a bad reputation for being a poor cousin to human quality, but this in turn implies it is being held to unreasonably high standards. Having said so, the Internet has made MT technology more useful; and MT technology has done the same for the Internet. There is some agreement that the two are interdependent, or for a better term, symbiotic. Both technologies need each other, and stand to prosper from each other�fs progress.
Translation - Japanese インターネットが言語サービスの分野への活躍によって、特に注目すべき影響は機会系翻訳テクノロジィー（MT)が様々な状況に対応できる印象が出てきました。しかし無料且つ、高速な翻訳は限界があります。より良い翻訳には、ユーザーの数々の気まぐれに対処できる、より高級なシステムと努力が必要になります。
Specializing in Technology, Hgh Tech, Manufacturing, Business lingo, and Health.
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-WRITTEN-
Hi Tech Company:
Ongoing translation of software and hardware manual for an internationally renowned Japanese high tech company since 2006.
-SPOKEN-
Semiconductor meeting, executive level internet company meeting, senior care meetings, engineer's conference calls, engineer's overseas assignment, accompaniment to a technology conference, and simultaneous translation for religious ceremonies.
Keywords: Character- Congenial, accomodating, multi-cultured, broad-minded, polite, sincere
Technical- trained in multimedia, internet, health, spirituality, and business.
