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Basudeb Kumar Paul
Offering you 100% Human Translation

Dhaka, Bangladesh
Local time: 08:26 +06 (GMT+6)

Native in: Bengali (Variant: Bangladeshi) Native in Bengali
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Jan 16 (posted via ProZ.com):  thb ltd ...more, + 57 other entries »
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Portfolio Sample translations submitted: 5
Bengali to English: Bengali Literature
General field: Art/Literary
Detailed field: Poetry & Literature
Source text - Bengali
āĻŽāĻž āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻš āĻĻāĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ¯ā§āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§āĻ—ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āĻ° āĻ—ā§‡ā§—āĻ°āĻŦāĻ—āĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻœāĻ¨āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻžā§Ÿ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡ā§Ÿ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽ? āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻƒāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŸā§‡, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨-āĻ•āĻžā§œāĻŋā§ŸāĻž-āĻ˛āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋ, āĻļā§ˆāĻļāĻŦāĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯, āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĻ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻ—ā§œāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ–, āĻ†āĻ§ āĻ†āĻ§ āĻ†āĻŦā§‹āĻ˛-āĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§‹āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻĻāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡ā§Ÿ? āĻ“āĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¯, āĻ“āĻ°āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻĻāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨ā§‡ā§Ÿ, āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ¨ā§‡ā§Ÿ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
Translation - English
Mothers bring up children with love and that’s why superiority of mothers is written in the mind of people from epoch to epoch. But whatever children give to mother, does it so poor? The child comes with empty hand but who does pay for his/her mind-blowing smile, babyhood, moon-like face and inarticulate abracadabra? His/her magnificence is those, they take nursing instead of those, do not take with empty-handed as like as beggar.
English to Bengali: Refugee Crisis
General field: Social Sciences
Detailed field: Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
Source text - English
Human beings do not want to live as refugees which is completely a form of leading very inhumane life. In today’s global order, refugee crisis is one of the very complex challenges for the politically less-influenced countries. There are various reasons for the people to become refugees. But the main contributory factor to this crisis prevalent in the world is, armed conflict and ethnic cleansing perpetrated on the marginalized and minority group of people by their own State machinery.
Translation - Bengali
āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻļāĻ°āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¨āĻž; āĻ¯āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻĒāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻœāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§€ āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻļāĻ°āĻŖāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻŸ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻš āĻœāĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻļāĻ°āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ§ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§€ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻļāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ˜āĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœ āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ˜ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻĻ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
Bengali to English: Bengali Literature
General field: Art/Literary
Detailed field: Poetry & Literature
Source text - Bengali
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦā§‹āĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŦā§‹āĻ§ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ¤-āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‰āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ° āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻœāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ¨ā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ—āĻ¤; āĻŦā§ˆāĻˇā§ŸāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ, āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŖā§€āĻ° āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•āĨ¤
Translation - English
Those who are good men may be called fool and it is appropriate- no one else is as like as other ones. Whole exceptionalism of them is only behavioral; if they are judged based on earthly possessions or standard of living, they all are simple, lower middle class or poor people.
Bengali to English: Bengali Literature
General field: Art/Literary
Detailed field: Poetry & Literature
Source text - Bengali
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āĻšā§‹āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻœā§ŸāĻžāĻ° āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ–ā§‡ āĻšā§‡ā§—āĻ•ā§, āĻĻā§āĻƒāĻ–ā§‡ āĻšā§ŒāĻ•ā§, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ¤āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻ˜āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻ—ā§ƒāĻšāĻŋāĻŖā§€ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€-āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻšā§āĻ•ā§āĻŽ āĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ¤ āĻŦā§œ āĻŦāĻžā§œā§€āĻ° āĻ—ā§ƒāĻšāĻŋāĻŖā§€, āĻŦā§‡ā§—-āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ°ā§€ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻœā§āĻœā§ āĻšāĻ‡ā§ŸāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž, āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻžāĻ‡ā§ŸāĻž āĻšāĻ˛āĻž, āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻšāĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻĒāĻĨ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻŸāĻž, āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻšā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ–āĻ¸ā§‡!-āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸāĻ° āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ¤āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ! āĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¸āĻšā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ‡ā§ŸāĻž āĻ‰āĻ āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ–āĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ–āĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ“āĻ ā§‡-āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ–āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖāĻĒāĻŖā§‡ āĻ–āĻžāĻŸā§‹-āĻ•ā§‡āĻš āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤ āĻ‰āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦā§‡ āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ›ā§āĻā§œāĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦā§‡-āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻŸā§ āĻ—āĻžā§œāĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻ˛āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ‡āĻŦā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
Translation - English
This is the first time in Sarbojaya’s life to stay (live in) at other’s house as like as a thief under such an extreme domination by another one. So long she was the only mistress of a house, either it was pleasure or distress. The empress of a poor family-her order at there was not less effective than that of housewives of this big house. It is as like as to be always hobgoblin, always comply with other’s order, walking on the way depending on other decisions so that a very trivial lapse may not be happened-weightless than weightless, the most unimportant one! ...this was becoming intolerable to her. Face becomes reddish due to hard working but there is no value of this work in this house. Work hard vigorously but no one is here to give extolment. When they give you wage, they will throw it before you with pride & contempt. They will not give it to you face to face with as they are giving you the wage of work. You have no option but to bow down your head to take it.
English to Bengali: How 5 of History's Worst Pandemics Finally Ended
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - English
1. As human civilizations flourished, so did infectious disease.

2. Large numbers of people living in close proximity to each other and to animals, often with poor sanitation and nutrition, provided fertile breeding grounds for disease.

3. And new overseas trading routes spread the novel infections far and wide, creating the first global pandemics.

4. Three of the deadliest pandemics in recorded history were caused by a single bacterium, Yersinia pestis, a fatal infection otherwise known as the plague.

5. The Plague of Justinian arrived in Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, in 541 CE.

6. It was carried over the Mediterranean Sea from Egypt, a recently conquered land paying tribute to Emperor Justinian in grain.

7. Plague-ridden fleas hitched a ride on the black rats that snacked on the grain.

8. The plague decimated Constantinople and spread like wildfire across Europe, Asia, North Africa and Arabia killing an estimated 30 to 50 million people, perhaps half of the world’s population.

9. “People had no real understanding of how to fight it other than trying to avoid sick people,” says Thomas Mockaitis, a history professor at DePaul University.

10. “As to how the plague ended, the best guess is that the majority of people in a pandemic somehow survive, and those who survive have immunity.”

11. The plague never really went away, and when it returned 800 years later, it killed with reckless abandon.

12. The Black Death, which hit Europe in 1347, claimed an astonishing 200 million lives in just four years.

13. As for how to stop the disease, people still had no scientific understanding of contagion, says Mockaitis, but they knew that it had something to do with proximity.

14. That’s why forward-thinking officials in Venetian-controlled port city of Ragusa decided to keep newly arrived sailors in isolation until they could prove they weren’t sick.

15. At first, sailors were held on their ships for 30 days, which became known in Venetian law as a trentino.

16. As time went on, the Venetians increased the forced isolation to 40 days or a quarantino, the origin of the word quarantine and the start of its practice in the Western world.

17. London never really caught a break after the Black Death.

18. The plague resurfaced roughly every 20 years from 1348 to 1665—40 outbreaks in 300 years.

19. And with each new plague epidemic, 20 percent of the men, women and children living in the British capital were killed.

20. By the early 1500s, England imposed the first laws to separate and isolate the sick.

21. Homes stricken by plague were marked with a bale of hay strung to a pole outside.

22. If you had infected family members, you had to carry a white pole when you went out in public.

23. Cats and dogs were believed to carry the disease, so there was a wholesale massacre of hundreds of thousands of animals.

24. The Great Plague of 1665 was the last and one of the worst of the centuries-long outbreaks, killing 100,000 Londoners in just seven months.

25. All public entertainment was banned and victims were forcibly shut into their homes to prevent the spread of the disease.

26. Red crosses were painted on their doors along with a plea for forgiveness: “Lord have mercy upon us.”

27. As cruel as it was to shut up the sick in their homes and bury the dead in mass graves, it may have been the only way to bring the last great plague outbreak to an end.

28. Smallpox was endemic to Europe, Asia and Arabia for centuries, a persistent menace that killed three out of ten people it infected and left the rest with pockmarked scars.

29. But the death rate in the Old World paled in comparison to the devastation wrought on native populations in the New World when the smallpox virus arrived in the 15th century with the first European explorers.

30. The indigenous peoples of modern-day Mexico and the United States had zero natural immunity to smallpox and the virus cut them down by the tens of millions.

31. Centuries later, smallpox became the first virus epidemic to be ended by a vaccine.

32. In the late 18th-century, a British doctor named Edward Jenner discovered that milkmaids infected with a milder virus called cowpox seemed immune to smallpox.

33. Jenner famously inoculated his gardener’s 9-year-old son with cowpox and then exposed him to the smallpox virus with no ill effect.

34. The annihilation of the smallpox, the most dreadful scourge of the human species, must be the final result of this practice,” wrote Jenner in 1801.

35. And he was right.

36. It took nearly two more centuries, but in 1980 the World Health Organization announced that smallpox had been completely eradicated from the face of the Earth.

37. In the early- to mid-19th century, cholera tore through England, killing tens of thousands.

38. The prevailing scientific theory of the day said that the disease was spread by foul air known as a “miasma.”

39. But a British doctor named John Snow suspected that the mysterious disease, which killed its victims within days of the first symptoms, lurked in London’s drinking water.

40. Snow acted like a scientific Sherlock Holmes, investigating hospital records and morgue reports to track the precise locations of deadly outbreaks.

41. He created a geographic chart of cholera deaths over a 10-day period and found a cluster of 500 fatal infections surrounding the Broad Street pump, a popular city well for drinking water.

42. “As soon as I became acquainted with the situation and extent of this irruption (sic) of cholera, I suspected some contamination of the water of the much-frequented street-pump in Broad Street,” wrote Snow.

43. With dogged effort, Snow convinced local officials to remove the pump handle on the Broad Street drinking well, rendering it unusable, and like magic the infections dried up.

44. Snow’s work didn’t cure cholera overnight.

45. But it eventually led to a global effort to improve urban sanitation and protect drinking water from contamination.

46. While cholera has largely been eradicated in developed countries, it’s still a persistent killer in third-world countries lacking adequate sewage treatment and access to clean drinking water.
Translation - Bengali
1. āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻļāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ• āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

2. āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻļā§-āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ•āĻŸā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻž āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ˛āĻžāĻ­ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ•ā§‚āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻļā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

3. āĻŦā§ˆāĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ• āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ›ā§œāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦā§ˆāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻž āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

4. āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻŸā§‡āĻ°āĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­ā§ŸāĻžāĻŦāĻš āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ Yersinia pestis, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖāĻ˜āĻžāĻ¤ā§€ āĻ›ā§‹āĻā§ŸāĻžāĻšā§‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—; āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—āĨ¤

5. 541 CE āĻ¤ā§‡ Byzantine āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ°āĻžāĻœā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§€ Constantinople āĻ āĻœāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ— āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĨ¤

6. āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻžāĻ—āĻ° āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿā§‡ Constantinople āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻĻā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§Ÿā§€ āĻ­ā§‚āĻ–āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ, āĻ¯āĻž āĻļāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŸāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹āĨ¤

7. āĻļāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ āĻ–āĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ‡āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ ā§‡ āĻšā§œā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§€ āĻŽāĻžāĻ›āĻŋāĻ“ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤

8. āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĻŸāĻŋ Constantinople āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡ā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ—ā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°ā§‹āĻĒ, āĻāĻļāĻŋā§ŸāĻž, āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ›ā§œāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĒā§œā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• ā§Š āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ ā§Ģ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ; āĻ¯āĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻŸ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§‡āĻ•āĨ¤

9. DePaul āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻ• Thomas Mockaitis āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĻ•ā§‡ āĻā§œāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛āĻž āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤

10. āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻĻā§‚āĻ° āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§‡āĻāĻšā§‡ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§‹āĻ§ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻœā§‹āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻāĻšā§‡ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹āĨ¤

11. āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ— āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻšā§ŸāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ā§Žā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ—āĻŖāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

12. ā§§ā§Šā§Ēā§­ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°ā§‹āĻĒā§‡ āĻ›ā§œāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĒā§œāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻĄā§‡āĻĨ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° ā§Ē āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡ ā§¨ā§Ļ āĻ•ā§‹āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖ āĻ•ā§‡ā§œā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡ā§ŸāĨ¤

13. Mockaitis āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻŽā§‡āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻž; āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§€āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻ›ā§œāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

14. āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ Ragusa‘āĻ° Venetian āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻ¨āĻ—āĻ°ā§€āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—āĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž-āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨ā§‡ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦā§‹āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

15. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ‡ ā§Šā§Ļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§‹, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ trentino āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ Venetian āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

16. āĻāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻŽāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

17. āĻŦā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻĄā§‡āĻĨ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžā§ŸāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤

18. ā§§ā§Šā§Ēā§Ž āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ— āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ā§Šā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡ ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

19. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ, āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž āĻ“ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ ā§¨ā§Ļ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

20. ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•āĻœāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

21. āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§‡ āĻœāĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ–ā§œā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻŸāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻ¤ā§‹āĨ¤

22. āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‹āĨ¤

23. āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ– āĻ˛āĻžāĻ– āĻŦāĻŋā§œāĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻŽā§‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨āĻ¨āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•āĨ¤

24. ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ— āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ“ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ­ā§ŸāĻžāĻŦāĻš āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° ā§­ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

25. āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‹āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ°ā§‹āĻ§ā§‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

26. āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻ°ā§‡āĻĄāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻ¸ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ• āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋāĻ° āĻĻāĻ°āĻœāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–ā§‡ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ “āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨â€āĨ¤

27. āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•āĻœāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ āĻœā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻŸāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ—āĻŖāĻ•āĻŦāĻ° āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĻž āĻ…āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ“ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹āĨ¤

28. āĻ—ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ• āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻœā§ā§œā§‡ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°ā§‹āĻĒ, āĻāĻļāĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡ ā§Š āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻāĻšā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§€ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ—ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻ°ā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŦā§‡ā§œāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

29. āĻĒāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°āĻļā§‹ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°ā§‡āĻžāĻĒā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€āĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ—ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ“ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒā§‡ āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹āĨ¤

30. āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ•ā§‹ āĻ“ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§€ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—-āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§‹āĻ§ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻļā§‚āĻŖā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ āĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻĢāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ—ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒā§œā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

31. āĻ•ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ• āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻ—ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

32. āĻ†āĻ āĻžāĻ°āĻļā§‹ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻĄāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻœā§‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻļ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ—ā§‹ā§ŸāĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻŽā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ‰āĻĒāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ (cowpox) āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻ°āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤, āĻ¯āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ—ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹āĻ‡āĨ¤

33. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ā§€āĻ° ā§¯ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ‰āĻĒāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ—ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

34. ā§§ā§Žā§Ļā§§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻœā§‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­ā§ŸāĻžāĻŦāĻš āĻļāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻž āĻ—ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ‡ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĢāĻ˛āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛āĨ¤

35. āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

36. āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ āĻĻā§ā§āĻ‡ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ˜ā§‹āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻĻā§‡ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ—ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻ• āĻ­ā§‚āĻ–āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻšāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

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Glossaries THB LTD.
Translation education Other - Bangladesh Betar 'The State Media of Bangladesh'
Experience Years of experience: 14. Registered at ProZ.com: Apr 2019. Became a member: Feb 2020.
ProZ.com Certified PRO certificate(s) N/A
Credentials English to Bengali (Translators Withour Borders (TWB))
Bengali to English (Translators Withour Borders (TWB))
Memberships Association of Bengali Linguists
TeamsTranslators House Bangladesh (THB), Association of Bengali Linguists
Software Adobe Acrobat, Aegisub, CafeTran Espresso, Google Translator Toolkit, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, SDLX, Trados Studio
Website https://www.thb.com.bd
CV/Resume CV available upon request
Professional practices Basudeb Kumar Paul endorses ProZ.com's Professional Guidelines.
Professional objectives
  • Meet new translation company clients
  • Transition from freelancer to agency owner
  • Meet new end/direct clients
  • Work for non-profits or pro-bono clients
  • Screen new clients (risk management)
  • Network with other language professionals
  • Find trusted individuals to outsource work to
  • Build or grow a translation team
  • Get help with terminology and resources
  • Learn more about translation / improve my skills
  • Learn more about interpreting / improve my skills
  • Get help on technical issues / improve my technical skills
  • Learn more about additional services I can provide my clients
  • Learn more about the business side of freelancing
  • Stay up to date on what is happening in the language industry
  • Help or teach others with what I have learned over the years
  • Improve my productivity
Bio

Are You Looking for English to Bengali or Bengali to
English Accurate Human Translation?

If yes, you can bank on me. I have more than 16 years of human translation experience and worked with 230+ clients so far including Amazon & Google. I am a Bengali native and live in Dhaka, Bangladesh.


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As I am a language professional and working in language localization industry many years, I have formed a private limited company in Bangladesh named THB LTD. My company is the best language localization company in Bangladesh.

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THB has worked with Land o Lakes, MidLocalize (Egypt), ARK Foundation, ShareNet Netherlands, Embassy of Spain, Embassy of the Republic of Korea, Embassy of Netherlands, Embassy of Sweden, BBC Media Action, Care Bangladesh, WorldFish Bangladesh, Swisscontact, Groyyo Consulting, Terre des Hommes, ICMPD, Waves Communication and the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh for Human Translation and Interpretation Services.


How to Connect:

Basudeb Kumar Paul

Amazon Certified & Human Translation Specialist

Founder, Managing Director & CEO, THB LTD.

WhatsApp: +8801912-619930

Telephone: +8809639-321355

Cell: +8801896-204455

Gmail: [email protected]  

Email: [email protected]  



How to Connect:

THB LTD.
House-6 (5th Floor), Road-2/B, Block-J, Baridhara
Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh


Social Media Presence:

Website: https://www.thb.com.bd 

Proz Profile: https://www.proz.com/business/181348-translators-house-bangladesh-thb

Proz Profile: www.proz.com/translator/2713967

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/THB2022

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-KBDwV4IEYlK2ZjRdWMXlw

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/thb-ltd/

Google: https://g.page/r/Capb2daK_fmoEBk


This user has earned KudoZ points by helping other translators with PRO-level terms. Click point total(s) to see term translations provided.

Total pts earned: 8
(All PRO level)


Language (PRO)
English to Bengali8
Top general field (PRO)
Medical8
Top specific field (PRO)
Medical (general)8

See all points earned >

This user has reported completing projects in the following job categories, language pairs, and fields.

Project History Summary
Total projects53
With client feedback0
Corroborated0
0 positive (0 entries)
positive0
neutral0
negative0

Job type
Translation43
Subtitling4
Transcription3
Editing/proofreading3
Language pairs
English to Bengali39
Bengali to English7
English to Sylheti2
Sylheti2
Russian to English1
Sylheti to English1
Bengali1
Specialty fields
Marketing / Market Research2
Medical: Health Care1
Other fields
Keywords: Translator, English to Bengali, Bengali to English, English to Bangla, Bangla to English, Bengali Translation Bangladesh, Bengali Translator Bangladesh, Bangla Translation Bangladesh, Bangla Translator Bangladesh, Freelance Bengali Translation Bangladesh. See more.Translator, English to Bengali, Bengali to English, English to Bangla, Bangla to English, Bengali Translation Bangladesh, Bengali Translator Bangladesh, Bangla Translation Bangladesh, Bangla Translator Bangladesh, Freelance Bengali Translation Bangladesh, Freelance Bangla Translation Bangladesh, Freelance Bengali Translator Bangladesh, Freelance Bangla Translator Bangladesh, Native Bengali Translator Bangladesh, Native Bangla Translator Bangladesh, Bengali Translation India, Bengali Translator India, Bangla Translation India, Bangla Translator India, Freelance Bengali Translation India, Freelance Bangla Translation India, Freelance Bengali Translator India, Freelance Bangla Translator India, Native Bengali Translator India, Native Bangla Translator India, Bangladesh Language, Bengali Language, Education, Medical, Software, Localization, Technology, Transcreation, Substitler, Subtitling, Interpretation, Interpreter, Bengali Subtitler, Bengali Interpreter, Bangladeshi Subtitler, Bangladeshi Interpreter, English to Bengali Subtitler, English to Bengali Interpreter, Bengali to English Subtitler, Bengali to English Interpreter, Pedagogy, Law, Patents, Trademarks, Copyright, Law (general), Business/Commerce, Civil Engineering, Marketing, Market Research, Human Resources, Conversation, Greetings, Letters, Economics. See less.




Profile last updated
Jan 17