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Translation, Editing/proofreading
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Specializes in:
Philosophy
Also works in:
History
Education / Pedagogy
Psychology
Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
Government / Politics
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English to Serbian - Rates: 0.03 - 0.08 EUR per word / 7 - 11 EUR per hour Serbian to English - Rates: 0.03 - 0.08 EUR per word / 7 - 11 EUR per hour
English to Serbian: E. J. Hobsbowm, The Age of Empire General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: History
Source text - English We are therefore in 1880 dealing not so much with a single world, as with two sectors combined together into one global system: the developed and the lagging, the dominant and the dependent, the rich and the poor. Even this description is misleading. While the (smaller) first world, in spite of its considerable internal disparities, was united by history and as the common bearer of capitalist development, the (much larger) second world was united by nothing except its relations with, that is to say its potential or actual dependency on, the first. What else, except a common membership of the human race, had the Chinese Empire in common with Senegal, Brazil with New Herbides, Morocco with Nicaragua? The second world was united by neither history, culture, social structure nor institutions, nor even by what we today think of as the most salient characteristic of the dependent world, namely mass poverty. For wealth and poverty as social categories apply only to societies stratified in a certain way, and to economies structured in a certain way, and parts of the dependent world were, as yet, neither. All human societies known to history contain some social inequalities (apart from those between the sexes), but if Indian maharajahs visiting the west could be treated as though they were millionaires in the western sense, the big men or chiefs in New Guinea could not be so assimilated, even notionally. And if the common people of any part of the world, when transported away from their homes, were normally turned into workers, and therefore members of the category of 'the poor', it was irrelevant to describe them in this manner in their native habitat. In any case, there were favoured parts of the world - notably in the tropics - where nobody needed to lack either shelter, food or leisure. Indeed, there were still small societies in which the concepts of work and leisure had no meaning, and no words for them existed.
If the existence of the two world sectors was undeniable, the boundaries between them were unclear, chiefly because the set of states by and through which the economic - and in our period the political - conquest of the globe was achieved were united by history as well as economic development. They consisted of 'Europe' and not only of those regions, mainly in north-western and central Europe and some of their overseas settlements, which plainly formed the core of world capitalist development. 'Europe' included the southern regions which had once played a major role in early capitalist developments, but had since the sixteenth century become backwaters, and the conquerors of the first European overseas empires, notably Italian and Iberian peninsulas. It also included a great eastern border zone where, for more than a thousand years, Christendom - that is to say heirs and descendants of the Roman empire - had fought the periodic invasions of military conquerors from Central Asia. The last wave of these, which had formed the great Ottoman Empire, had been gradually expelled from the enormous areas of Europe it controlled in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, and its days in Europe were clearly numbered, though in 1880 it still controlled a substantial belt across the Balkan peninsula (parts of the present Greece, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria and all of Albania) as well as some islands. Much of the reconquered or liberated territories could only be regarded as 'European' by courtesy: in fact, the Balkan peninsula was still currently referred as to 'Near East': hence South-west Asia came to be known as the 'Middle East'. On the other hand the two states which had done most to push back the Turks were or became great European powers, in spite of the notorious backwardness of all or parts of their peoples and territories: the Habsburg Empire and, above all, the empire of the Russian tsars.
Translation - Serbian Mi se, dakle, kada je reč o 1880. bavimo ne toliko jedinstvenim svetom, pošto su se dva dela kombinovala u jedan globalni sistem: razvijen i zaostao, dominantan i zavistan, bogat i siromašan. Čak je i ovaj opis varljiv. Dok je (manji) prvi svet, uprkos svojim značajnim unutrašnjim neslaganjima, bio ujedinjen istorijom i kao zajednički nosilac kapitalističkog razvoja, dotle je (mnogo veći) drugi svet bio ujedinjen ničim drugim osim svojim odnosom prema prvom, i to svojom mogućom i stvarnom zavisnošću od njega. Šta je drugo, osim opšte pripadnosti ljudskoj rasi, imala Kineska imperija zajedničko sa Senegalom, Brazil sa Novim Hebridima, Maroko sa Nikaragvom? Drugi svet nije bio ujedinjen ni istorijom, ni kulturom, ni društvenim strukturama, ni institucijama, čak ni onim što danas smatramo najistaknutijom crtom zavisnog sveta, naime, masovnim siromaštvom. Jer bogatstvo i siromaštvo kao društvene kategorije se odnose samo na društva koja su raslojena na izvestan način, i na privrede strukturisane na izvestan način, a delovi zavisnog sveta nisu to do tada bili. Sva ljudska društva poznata u istoriji sadrže neke društvene nejednakosti (nezavisno od onih između polova), ali iako bi se prema indijskim maharadžama koji posećuju zapad moglo odnositi kao prema milionerima u zapadnom smislu, starešine ili poglavice iz Nove Gvineje ne bi mogli biti tako primljeni, čak ni teorijski. I ako su obični ljudi iz bilo kog dela sveta, kada bi odlazili daleko od svojih domova, obično postajali radnici, i prema tome pripadali kategoriji "siromašnih", bilo bi irelevantno opisivati ih na taj način u njihovim rođenim staništima. U svakom slučaju, bilo je srećnih delova sveta – uglavnom u tropskom pojasu – gde nikome nije nedostajao smeštaj, hrana ili odmor. I zbilja, još uvek je bilo malih društava u kojima pojmovi rada i dokolice nisu imali značenje, i nisu postojale reči reči za njih.
Ako je postojanje dva dela sveta bilo neporecivo, granice između njih su bile nejasne, uglavnom zato što su države koje su privredno – i, u našem periodu, i politički – osvojile kuglu bile ujedinjene istorijom kao i privrednim razvojem. Njih je činila "Evropa" i ne samo ona područja, uglavnom u severo-zapadnoj i centralnoj Evropi i nekim od njihovih prekomorskih kolonija, koja su jasno obrazovala jezgro sveta kapitalističkog razvoja. "Evropa" je uključivala južne regione koji su jednom odigrali glavnu ulogu u ranom kapitalističkom razvoju, ali su od šesnaestog veka nazadovali, i osvajače prvih velikih evropskih prekomorskih imperija, pre svega Apeninsko i Iberijsko poluostrvo. Ona je takođe uključivala veliku istočnu graničnu zonu gde se, više od hiljadu godina, hrišćanski svet – to jest naslednici i potomci rimske imperije – tukao u periodičnim invazijama protiv vojnih osvajača iz centralne Azije. Poslednji talas ovih, koji je obrazovao veliku Otomansku imperiju, postepeno je bio izbačen iz ogromnih oblasti Evrope koje je kontrolisao od šesnaestog do osamnaestog veka, i njegovi dani u Evropi su bili jasno odbrojani, iako je 1880. još uvek kontrolisao značajan pojas preko Balkanskog poluostrva (delove sadašnje Grčke, Jugoslavije i Bugarske i celu Albaniju) kao i neka ostrva. Mnoge od ponovo osvojenih ili oslobođenih teritorija mogle bi se smatrati "evropskim" samo kurtoazno: u stvari, balkansko poluostrvo se još uvek nazivalo "Bliskim istokom": otud je jugo-zapadna Azija postala poznata kao "Srednji istok". S druge strane, dve države koje su najviše učinile da potisnu Turke su bile ili postale velike evropske sile, uprkos poznatoj zaostalosti celih njihovih naroda i teritorija ili njihovih delova: Habsburška imperija i, iznad svega, imperija ruskih careva.
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Translation education
Master's degree - Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
Experience
Years of experience: 15. Registered at ProZ.com: Jun 2015.
English to Serbian (Faculty of Philosophy, UB) Serbian to English (Faculty of Philosophy, UB)
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Bio
I am a freelance translator. My services include translating and proofreading.
I prefer translating books and articles in philosophy, logic, psychology, social sciences, history, political studies. I translate in field of tourism, too.
I've graduated at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade. I've got may M.A. degree, too. I was working at the same faculty as a teaching assistant. I was teaching Logic, Introduction to philosophy and Ancient scepticism.
I am very dedicated to translating and I am very fond of it. I aim for the best solutions.
My daily work volume amounts to 3000 words per a day.
I'm available to meet the needs of my clients and you may contact me at my e-mail.
I am looking forward to work with you.
Keywords: Serbian, translator, philosophy, logic, psychology, history, social sciences
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