Working languages:
English to Czech
Czech to English
Slovak to English

Owey
Translating, proofreading, subtitling...

Czech Republic
Local time: 12:24 CEST (GMT+2)

Native in: Czech Native in Czech
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Account type Freelance translator and/or interpreter
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Services Translation, Editing/proofreading, Website localization, Software localization, Subtitling, Transcription
Expertise
Specializes in:
Astronomy & SpaceMedical (general)
Computers (general)Computers: Hardware

Portfolio Sample translations submitted: 1
English to Czech: Action potential (Akční potenciál)
General field: Science
Detailed field: Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
Source text - English
In order to enable fast and efficient transduction of electrical signals in the nervous system, certain neuronal axons are covered with myelin sheaths. Myelin is a multilamellar membrane that enwraps the axon in segments separated by intervals known as nodes of Ranvier. It is produced by specialized cells: Schwann cells exclusively in the peripheral nervous system, and oligodendrocytes exclusively in the central nervous system. Myelin sheath reduces membrane capacitance and increases membrane resistance in the inter-node intervals, thus allowing a fast, saltatory movement of action potentials from node to node. Myelination is found mainly in vertebrates, but an analogous system has been discovered in a few invertebrates, such as some species of shrimp. Not all neurons in vertebrates are myelinated; for example, axons of the neurons comprising the autonomous nervous system are not, in general, myelinated.

Myelin prevents ions from entering or leaving the axon along myelinated segments. As a general rule, myelination increases the conduction velocity of action potentials and makes them more energy-efficient. Whether saltatory or not, the mean conduction velocity of an action potential ranges from 1 meter per second (m/s) to over 100 m/s, and, in general, increases with axonal diameter.

Action potentials cannot propagate through the membrane in myelinated segments of the axon. However, the current is carried by the cytoplasm, which is sufficient to depolarize the first or second subsequent node of Ranvier. Instead, the ionic current from an action potential at one node of Ranvier provokes another action potential at the next node; this apparent "hopping" of the action potential from node to node is known as saltatory conduction. Although the mechanism of saltatory conduction was suggested in 1925 by Ralph Lillie, the first experimental evidence for saltatory conduction came from Ichiji Tasaki and Taiji Takeuchi and from Andrew Huxley and Robert Stämpfli. By contrast, in unmyelinated axons, the action potential provokes another in the membrane immediately adjacent, and moves continuously down the axon like a wave.
Translation - Czech
Aby byl elektrický signál přenášen rychleji a efektivněji, tak jsou některé axony obaleny myelinovou pochvou. Myelin je vícevrstvá membrána, která obaluje jednotlivé části axonů. Tyto obalené segmenty jsou od sebe odděleny tzv. Ranvierovými zářezy. Myelin je v periferní nervové soustavě tvořen Schwannovými buňkami a v centrální nervové soustavě oligodendrocyty. Myelin snižuje kapacitu a zvyšuje odpor membrány v segmentech mezi zářezy. Akční potenciál tak může mezi zářezy putovat rychlejším, tzv. saltatorickým (skákavým) způsobem. Myelinizované axony se vyskytují především u obratlovců. Avšak ne u všech neuronů obratlovců je myelinová pochva přítomna. Např. axony neuronů autonomního nervového systému většinou nejsou myelinizované.

Myelin také zabraňuje pohybů iontů v myelinizovaných segmentech axonů. Myelin obecně zvyšuje rychlost vedení akčního potenciálu a efektivitu. Průměrná rychlost vedení akčního potenciálu je 1-100 m/s, přičemž tato rychlost roste s větším průměrem axonu.

Akčního potenciály nemohou putovat po membráně v myelinizovaných úsecích axonu. Proud putuje cytoplazmou a je schopen depolarizovat 1 až 2 následující Ranvierovy zářezy. Proud iontů vyvolaný akčním potenciálem v jednom zářezu vytvoří další akčníh potenciál na následujícím zářezu. Toto zdánlivé "hopsání" akčního potenciálu od zářezu k zářezu se nazývá saltatorické šíření. Poprvé s touto myšlenkou přišel Ralph Lillie v roce 1925. První experimentální důkazy přinesli Ichiji Tasaki a Taiji Takeuch, a také Andrew Huxley a Robert Stämpfli. U nemyelinizovaných axonů naopak akční potenciál spojitě šíří po membráně jako vlna.

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Experience Registered at ProZ.com: May 2015.
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Software Libre office, Subtitle edit
Bio
I'm a native Czech speaker, medical student at the Faculty of Medicine - Charles university in Prague.

What I do: Translating, proofreading, subtitling, software localization

Fields: General, Medicine (Anatomy, Physiology), Natural sciences (Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Math) Technical and IT.

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2.5 years experience in subtitling
- creating subtitles, syncing
- translation from EN
- proofreading

So far, I have made subtitles for more than 50 episodes of TV series + one movie (136 min). As user Owey.
All of them can be found here: titulky.com.

Software localization - Softland

I have the Cambridge CAE certificate (CEFR English level C1).

Other voluntary contributions:

- Czech subtitles for educational video by Khan Academy: bit.ly/1ELLcWd

- Czech localization of Moodle (ver. 2.9)

- Czech Wikipedia (since 2011) - editing and translating articles, as user Stenlly69,
for details, see this file on Dropbox


Profile last updated
Jul 21, 2015



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