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English to Persian (Farsi) - Rates: 0.05 - 0.08 USD per word / 15 - 20 USD per hour English - Rates: 0.05 - 0.08 USD per word / 15 - 20 USD per hour Persian (Farsi) to English - Rates: 0.05 - 0.08 USD per word / 15 - 20 USD per hour
Persian (Farsi) to English: حق برخورداری متهم از وکیل در محاکم کیفری بین المللی General field: Law/Patents Detailed field: Law (general)
Source text - Persian (Farsi) حق برخورداری متهم از وکیل در محاکم کیفری بین المللی
چکیده
حقوق متهم جزء طبيعي و ذاتي بشر است و چيزی نيست که دولتمردان به مردم واگذار کرده باشند یا بتوانند از آنان سلب نمايند. لذا حاکمان موظف هستند تا تدابير لازم را جهت رعايت و حمايت از حقوق متهم فراهم نمايند و امکانات لازم را در اختيار متهم بگذارند تا او بتواند در صورت بيگناهي از اتهامات ناروا تبرئه شود. حق دفاع متهم يکي از عناصر امنيت قضايي به همراه حق دادخواهي است که باعث آسايش و آرامش حقوقي شهروندان و در نتيجه موجب پيشرفت جامعه بشر در زمينه اقتصادی، فرهنگي ، سياسي و غيره مي شود. پژوهش حاضر از نظر روش تحقيق توصيفي بشمار مي آيد، و برای جمع آوری اطلاعات مورد نياز پژوهش از شيوه کتابخانه ای استفاده شده است. در ماده های 5، 7،9،8 ،10 ، 11 و12 اعلامیه حقوق بشر، و ماده 7 و بند 1 تا 5 ماده 9 و بند 1و 2 و ماده 10 ،و بند 2و 3 ماده14 میثاق بین المللی به بررسی حق متهم طبق اسناد بین المللی عام پرداخته شده است . همچنین طبق اسناد خاص بشری، در ماده 6 و 7 کنوانسیون رفع تبعیض نژادی و ماده 16 کنوانسیون وضع پناهندگان و ماده 4 کنوانسیون جلوگیری ازکشتار دسته جمعی و ماده 22 کنوانسیون منع شکنجه به بررسی حق متهم پرداخته شده است. همچنین در ماده 2 و 3 قرارداد اروپایی حقوق بشر، هر گونه شکنجه و مجازات غیر انسانی متهم ممنوع اعلام شده است و بازداشت به دلیل غیرقانونی و شخصی ممنوع می باشد. همچنین در دادگاه نورنبرگ از جمله حقوقی که متهم در مرحله محاکمه از آن برخوردار است حق پرسش متقابل از شاهد است. همچنین بند 4 ماده 14 دادگاه توکیو در مورد حقوق متهم می باشد. همچنین در اساسنامه یوگسلاوی سابق و در ماده 20 و ماده 21 دادگاه بین المللی روآندا متهم حق دارد شخصاً از خود دفاع کند. در حقوق ایران نیز در آیین دادرسی کیفری جدید مصوب 1392 توجه ویژه ای به حقوق متهم شده است. در اکثریت کنوانسیون های دیکر نیز حقوق خاصی برای متهم به صورت صریح یا ضمنی قائل شده است.
کلید واژه: حقوق متهم ، حق بر وکیل، معاهدات حقوق بشری ، کشف عادلانه ، اساسنامه دیوان کیفری بین المللی
Translation - English Defendants’ Right to Use Attorneys in International Criminal Tribunals
Abstract
Defendants’ rights are natural and intrinsic parts of the mankind, and they are not something that statesmen may have assigned to people or they may be capable of depriving people of them. Therefore, the rulers are obliged to provide necessary measures to observe and protect defendants’ rights and provide necessary facilities to defendants so that they can be acquitted in the face of false accusations. The defendants’ right to defend themselves is one of the elements of judicial security, along with the right to litigation, that enhances the legal rights of citizens and, as a result, promotes the development of humanity in the fields of economy, culture, politics, and so on. The present study uses a descriptive research method, and a library method has been used to collect information needed for the study. Articles 5 , 7 , 9 , 8 , 10 , 11 and 12 under the Declaration of Human Rights, and article 7 as well as paragraphs 1 to 5 under article 9 , and paragraphs 1 and 2 under article 10, and also paragraphs 2 and 3 under article 14 of the International Covenant have examined defendants’ rights in accordance with international documents. Also, according to specific human rights documents, articles 6 and 7 under the Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and article 16 under the Convention on the Status of Refugees and article 4 under the Convention on the Prevention of Genocide and article 22 under the Convention on the Prohibition of Torture have examined defendants’ rights. Likewise, in articles 2 and 3 under the European Convention on Human Rights, all kinds of torture and inhumane punishment of defendants have been banned, and arresting them for illegal and personal reasons has been prohibited. Likewise, in the Nuremberg Court, from among the rights that defendants are enjoyed with during a trial, is the right to cross-check on the testimony of the witness .Also, note 4 under article 14 of the Tokyo Court is concerned with defendants’ rights. Furthermore, in the Statute of the former Yugoslavia and in articles 20 and 21 under the Rwanda International Court, defendants are entitled to defend themselves personally .Also, In Iran's law, in the new criminal procedure passed in 2012, much attention has been paid to defendants. Furthermore, in the majority of other conventions, certain rights have been granted to defendants explicitly or implicitly.
Keyword :Defendant’ rights, right to an attorney, human rights treaties, fair discovery, Statute of the International Criminal Court
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I am a professional Farsi<>English translator. Holding an MA degree in translation studies, I have translated "tens" of books (mostly technical) as the crowning achievement in my translation career. Being a full-time freelancer double native in Farsi and English and having good knowledge of major CAT tools, I am highly interested in cooperating with institutes in handling certified/technical Farsi<>English translation and localization projects.
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