agresja podprogowa

08:08 Dec 10, 2019
Polish to English translations [PRO]
Military / Defense
Polish term or phrase: agresja podprogowa
kontekst zdania z tekstu: Zastosowano także nową formę działań, trudną do zakwalifikowania na podstawie obowiązującego prawa międzynarodowego, mianowicie skrytą agresję zbrojną tocząca się poniżej progu otwartej wojny (agresja podprogowa) nazywana mianem wojny hybrydowej.


Definicja z Wikipedii: Agresja podprogowa – działania wojenne, których rozmach i skala są celowo ograniczane i utrzymywane przez agresora na poziomie poniżej dającego się w miarę jednoznacznie zidentyfikować progu regularnej, otwartej wojny. Celem agresji podprogowej, jest osiąganie przyjętych celów z jednoczesnym powodowaniem trudności w uzyskaniu konsensu decyzyjnego w międzynarodowych organizacjach bezpieczeństwa[1][2]. Do działań z zakresu agresji podprogowej zalicza się presję pozamilitarną i polityczno-militarną - w tym wojnę informacyjną i manewry wojskowe; agresję pozamilitarną - w tym cyberagresje i agresję energetyczną; a także ograniczoną, skrytą agresję militarną - w tym, dywersję, zatrzymywanie statków, selektywne ataki rakietowe itp
(https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agresja_podprogowa)
Małgorzata Mazurek
Poland
Local time: 10:02


Summary of answers provided
2 +1gray warfare / gray zone aggression
Sebastian Siemieniec
3subliminal aggression
geopiet
2military actions below the war threshold
geopiet
Summary of reference entries provided
gray zone tactics
Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D.

  

Answers


1 hr   confidence: Answerer confidence 2/5Answerer confidence 2/5 peer agreement (net): +1
gray warfare / gray zone aggression


Explanation:
I stumbled upon this....not sure how mainstream this is in military jargon.
"When we talk about gray zone coercion, or gray zone aggression, we are talking about coercion that is more intense than run-of-the-mill diplomacy but less explicit and overt than a full-on military conflict. Gray zone aggressors tend to be revisionist powers; they are actors with some grievance about the current international system."

Most references I was able to find call this phenomenon "hybrid warfare"


    https://csbaonline.org/about/news/below-the-threshold-gray-warfare-and-the-erosion-of-u.s.-influence-a-conver
Sebastian Siemieniec
United Kingdom
Local time: 09:02
Native speaker of: Native in PolishPolish

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D.
1 hr
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5 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 2/5Answerer confidence 2/5
military actions below the war threshold


Explanation:
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Note added at 5 hrs (2019-12-10 14:04:07 GMT)
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Zagrożenia hybrydowe awansowały również do rangi głównych priorytetów NATO po pojawieniu się „zielonych ludzików” na Krymie w 2014 roku, które boleśnie uświadomiło, jak można stosować siłę zbrojną w obszarze euroatlantyckim poniżej progu wojny określonego przez prawo (w ramach tzw. agresji podprogowej). - https://www.nato.int/docu/review/pl/articles/2018/11/23/wspo...

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Political/Military Threats
 Current political/military pressure
 War Threats
Subliminal (below the war threshold) aggression
 Large scale conflict

- https://www.bbn.gov.pl/ftp/dok/Prezentacja szefa BBN.pdf - page 8

geopiet
Native speaker of: Native in PolishPolish
PRO pts in category: 233
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5 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5
subliminal aggression


Explanation:
The political and military pressure may turn into a hidden, subliminal aggression, that is a covert, limited military action. A full-scale, open war is not an option for Russia, since military balance clearly speaks to NATO’s advantage. Nonetheless military action below the threshold of war may be a tempting alternative. - https://pulaski.pl/en/pulaski-policy-paper-s-koziej-social-a...

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Note added at 6 hrs (2019-12-10 14:10:36 GMT)
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NATO in the Face of Hybrid Threats

Taking into consideration the arguments mentioned above, there can be no doubt of the importance of the issue of hybrid warfare and organized crime for the international community, regardless of whether the tactics applied are old or new. The momentum and scale of military operations conducted by the Rus­sian Federation are deliberately restricted and maintained at an ambiguous level: namely, the level below regular, open war.[31] The aim of subliminal aggres­sion lies in achieving goals, with ambiguity creating difficulties in reach­ing a decisive consensus within international security organizations. NATO has many difficulties in a response because the level of aggression is kept mounting below that of the criteria for classical threats and the response must be coordi­nated, including non-military institutions. In the aspect of the military opera­tion that was held in the Crimea and that was not an armed aggression but a new form of operational warfare it is possible to raise a question: are the cur­rent NATO legal provisions and available reaction instruments adequate to the requirements of the contemporary warfares called by Gerasimov the warfares of a new generation? - https://it4sec.org/article/changing-security-paradigm-new-ro...

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Author presents a definition of hybrid war as well as its very essence and characteristics. Moreover, author attempts at answering the question which hybrid activities go beyond war threshold and can lead to the use of sanctions provided by Art.5 of North Atlantic Treaty. - https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=713153

geopiet
Native speaker of: Native in PolishPolish
PRO pts in category: 233
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Reference comments


2 hrs
Reference: gray zone tactics

Reference information:
Gray zone tactics are intended to operate below the threshold for retaliation, utilizing incremental advances to gradually degrade an opponent’s ability to respond. The tactics’ intentionally ambiguous nature are exacerbated by a U.S. military culture that operates best in decisive conventional warfare, known in military circles as “Phase III operations,” and struggles to operate in an ambiguous game of competition at a level below outright conflict. Gray zone tactics also encompass a range of activities including economic, political, and information operations reflecting a whole-of-government effort to create a narrative. Organized Russian propaganda campaigns demonstrate the complexity of this challenge.

Staying below the threshold for response can be done by either taking small actions that do not necessitate responses or creating justifications for behavior out of alignment with international norms, including through nonmilitary means such as political messaging. By ignoring their behavior, the user of these tactics can make advances at no cost.

https://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/leaving-the-“gray-zone”-th...

Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D.
United States
Works in field
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish, Native in PolishPolish
PRO pts in category: 444
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