20:27 Jul 28, 2020 |
Polish to English translations [PRO] Science - History / name of an administrative unit in the past | ||||
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3 | municipality (gromada) |
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2 | peasant collective |
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Discussion entries: 2 | |
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peasant collective Explanation: THE POLISH "GROMADA" PEASANT COLLECTIVES IN THE ERA OF RE-FEUDALIZATION https://www.jstor.org/stable/25779504?seq=1 -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 9 mins (2020-07-28 20:37:06 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- c Hramada (Belarusian: Грамада, [ɣramaˈda], sometimes also wrongly spelled as Gramada or confused for the Ukrainian word Hromada or Polish word Gromada) is a Belarusian word that means gathering of people, i.e., assembly. Historically a hramada was meant as a peasant commune, which gathered meetings for discussing and resolving current issues. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hramada |
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municipality (gromada) Explanation: . -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2 hrs (2020-07-28 22:52:18 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- The gromada continued to function in interwar Poland, as a subdivision of a gmina. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2 hrs (2020-07-28 23:05:10 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- The gmina or municipality (frequently translated commune), plural: gminy, is the principal unit (lowest level) of territorial division in Poland. As of 2004 there were 2,478 gminas. The word gmina is derived from the German word Gemeinde, meaning "commune" or "community". Since 1972, when it replaced the smaller gromada, the gmina has been the basic unit of administrative division. - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gminas_in_Poland -- In 2002, a water and sewerage service contract was agreed between the City of Lutsk and Lutskvodokanal for the duration until 2006, creating an enterprise 100% owned by the municipality (territorial gromada). - http://www.oecd.org/environment/outreach/35192306.pdf - page 14 -- |
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