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22:57 Dec 2, 2019 |
English to Polish translations [PRO] Bus/Financial - Management / ogólne | |||||||
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| Selected response from: Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D. United States Local time: 04:28 | ||||||
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Summary of answers provided | ||||
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2 +2 | naukowiec amator |
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2 | naukowiec obywatelski |
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1 | entuzjasta naukowy, hobbysta naukowy |
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Discussion entries: 1 | |
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naukowiec amator Explanation: What is a citizen scientist? A citizen scientist is an individual who voluntarily contributes his or her time, effort, and resources toward scientific research in collaboration with professional scientists or alone. These individuals don't necessarily have a formal science background. https://scistarter.com/page/Citizen Science.html Citizen science (CS; also known as community science, crowd science, crowd-sourced science, civic science, volunteer monitoring, or online citizen science) is scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateur (or nonprofessional) scientists https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_science Nauka obywatelska (ang. citizen science, fr. sciences citoyennes, ros. гражданская наука) to badania naukowe, w których wolontariusze współpracują z badaczami zawodowymi, a także (szczególnie od lat 1990.) forma edukacji naukowej, forma współpracy w badaniach naukowych oraz ruch społeczny[1]. Historycznie termin ten odnosi się do naukowców, którzy nie współpracowali z instytucjami naukowymi lub nie posiadali formalnego wykształcenia na poziomie akademickim. Takimi naukowcami byli np. Karol Darwin, Thomas Jefferson oraz Lewis i Clark, jak i wielu innych, ponieważ nauka została zinstytucjonalizowana dopiero w XX wiek https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka_obywatelska |
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4 hrs confidence:
9 hrs confidence:
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