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  3. Telecom(munications)

CDMA

14:35 Jun 2, 2005
English to Malay translations [Non-PRO]
Tech/Engineering - Telecom(munications) / 3-G, CDMA
English term or phrase: CDMA
Business Context (circa 1998)

The patent concerns associated with third generation (3G) mobile communication were first raised officially in 1998. It was known that a very large number of companies owned technologies, in terms of "essential" patents, necessary for the realisation of "standardized" 3G systems. This was an unprecedent situation : in GSM, for example, there were less than 20 companies with essential patents.
The key strategic choices for the "standardized" technologies were made during 1998 within the major international, regional and national standards making bodies e.g. ITU, ETSI, ERIB, TTA, TTC, TIA, etc.
The choice of the 3G radio access technology for Europe, for example, was ratified by ETSI (European Telecom Standards Institute) in January 1998 - the so-called UTRA (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) compromise solution. In reaching this compromise agreement the major concerned parties recognised officially in an ETSI Press Release the need to establish an industry accepted arrangement for handling the complexities and uncertainties of the intellectual property situation.
At that time industry was uncertain as to whether :
• The potential essential patent owners would in actual fact grant licenses on the "standardized" technology, and whether
• The cumulative maximum license costs (royalties) would be consistent with the commercial viability of equipment costs and service provision, and whether
• The industry would establish timely a collective arrangement for the cost effective management and administration of all the concerned essential patents
Similar concerns were expressed in all standards bodies. The industry nominated Alcatel, in January 1998, to organise the launch of an industry-wide initiative to address this matter.
Industry IPR initiative

Definition Phase
The initial definition of the 3G Patent Platform was the responsibility of the UMTS IPR Working Group comprising 41 major international companies (operators, equipment manufacturers and chip vendors). The UMTS IPR WG worked within a legal entity called the UMTS Intellectual Property Association (UIPA).
The 3G Patent Platform specification was first approved and published in June 1999 by the UIPA General Assembly. Beyond that date, and up to April 2002, the definition of the 3G Patent Platform has been substantially enhanced to ensure compliance with antitrust regulations and a better understanding of industry requirements.
Entities that participated in some or all of the definition activities
European based Asian based North American based
Alcatel
Bosch
British Telecom
Cegetel
CSEM/Pro Telecom
Ericsson
France Telecom
KPN
Mannesman
Nokia
Philips
Sagem
Siemens
Sirius
Sonera Corp.
T-Mobil
Telecom Italia Mobile
Telit Mobile
Viag Interkom
Wavecom
3G.Com China Academy of Telecommunications
Technology (CATT)
ETRI
Fujitsu
Korea Telecom
Korea Telecom Freetel
LG Telecom
LG Electronics
Matsushita
Mitsubishi Electric
NEC
NTT DoCoMo
Oki Electric Industry
Samsung
SK Telecom
Sony Air Touch Communication
Analog Devices
Conexant Systems
Golden Bridge Technology
InterDigital
Lucent Technologies
Motorola
Nortel Networks
Qualcomm
Sipro Lab Telecom
Texas Instruments
Organisations
ETSI
ETNO (European operators)
GSM Association
UMTS Forum

Implementation Phase
The actual commercial implementation of the 3G Patent Platform was assigned to the 3G Patent Platform Partnership (3G3P) comprising 19 major operators and manufacturers ("Partners"), four Promoters and two Associate Partners. The role of the 3G3P was (1) to seek antitrust approval from the major antitrust regulatory authorities including the Japanese Fair Trade Commission, the European Commission and the U.S. Department of Justice Antitrust Division, (2) to set up the legal structurally framework, and, (3) to establish an operational evaluation and certification process and the necessary support administrative structure. The 19 Partners provided the necessary financial support to undertake these task which last three years.
The implementation phase was completed in December 2002.
Companies associated with the 3G Patent Platform Partnership
(3G3P) during the period September 1999 to December 2002
Partners Promoters
Manufacturers Operators Manufacturers Associates
Alcatel
Bosch
ETRI (Research Institute)
Fujitsu
LG Electronics
NEC
Matsushita
Mitsubishi Electric
Siemens
Samsung
Sony Cegetel
France Telecom
KPN
Korea Telecom Freetel
NTT DoCoMo
Telecom Italia Mobile
SK Telecom
Sonera Huawei Technologies
Kyocera
Sharp
Telit Mobile Terminals GSM Association
ETNO (European Operators)

Commercial Phase
The commercialisation of the 3G Patent Platform commenced in January 2003 with the start of commercial evaluation and certification services within 3G Patents Limited (a common service company set-up to support the Platform Companies which are responsible for the actual licensing of the certified essential patents for a specific technology). The W-CDMA Patent Licensing Programme became operational in January 2004.
faizal


Summary of answers provided
3PKAB
irma abdul latif


  

Answers


2 days 8 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5
cdma
PKAB


Explanation:
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
PKAB - Pembahagian Kod Akses Berganda





    Reference: http://www.cdg.org/technology/index.asp
    Reference: http://www.maxis.com.my/personal/about_us/investor/annual_re...
irma abdul latif
Malaysia
Local time: 02:08
Native speaker of: Native in MalayMalay
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