Objectives
Japanese translation: 目標
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| 06:50 Jul 3, 2012 |
| English to Japanese translations [PRO] Science - Education / Pedagogy / e-learning | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Nathan Takase Local time: 07:32 | ||||||
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| 3 | 目標 |
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| 3 | 目的 |
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| 3 | 学習目標 |
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| FYI |
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| Discussion entries: 17 | |
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Answers
3 hrs confidence: 
| objectives 目標 Explanation: Lots of good discussion. First of all, Yahoo! Dictionary's 大辞泉 has this: [用法] 目的・目標――「目的（目標）に向かって着実に進む」のように、めざすものの意では相通じて用いられる。◇「目的」は、「目標」に比べ抽象的で長期にわたる目あてであり、内容に重点を置いて使う。「人生の目的を立身出世に置く」◇「目標」は、目ざす地点・数値・数量などに重点があり、「目標は前方三〇〇〇メートルの丘の上」「今週の売り上げ目標」のようにより具体的である。 That still leaves something to be desired, though. I think what cinefil-san has said about being a 手段 or not is important here. I think you can look at the two like this: The 目的 is the 的 - it's the bull's eye that you have in your sights. But if you break that journey to the bull's eye down, there are smaller goals to make along the way. Perhaps it's extremely windy, so you need to aim to the right of the bull's eye. That point somewhere along the way between you and the bull's eye where the arrow strays just enough to the right that the wind takes it back to the bull's eye is a 目標. And if you're precise, you can set several of them. These are 標識 along the way that lead you to the 的. 出発点➝目標➝目標➝目的（到着点）. The problem is that with a change of perspective, what seemed to be an end goal can suddenly become a stepping stone along the way to a larger goal, and vice versa. If you narrow your perspective, suddenly that point at which the arrow begins to change its path back toward the target becomes the larger goal, with several smaller stepping stones to reach it along the way. And in the same fashion, if you zoom out then perhaps that bull's eye is just a stepping stone in your journey to improve your archery. And perhaps you are practicing archery to find discipline or inner peace. Being able to identify the parts of a motor doesn't sound like an end goal to me. It sounds like knowledge that you would pick up along the way to achieving a larger goal like being able to repair that motor. If your perspective is this single lesson alone, then perhaps you might look at this as the 目的, but a teacher needs a broader perspective than that - units, courses. By the way, my 日本国語大辞典 also has this for 目標: ②学習指導要領などで、目的よりも一段と具体化されためあてをいう語。 So there is of course the issue of domain and where the words are being used. Lastly, I just thought I would mention that when I was an ALT at an elementary school, all of my lesson plans used ねらい. |
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4 hrs confidence:
| objectives 目的 Explanation: objective は、ご質問の文脈であれば、“目的”、あるいは“内容”と訳されるべきものだと考えます。 わかりやすい例で言うと、Job Desctiption の中で、具体的にどのようなタスクを行うべきかは“To do ～”という文章で規定されますが、 この部分は“Job Objectives”と言い、“Job Goals"とは言いません。 日本には Job Description という慣習がまだ定着していませんが、この部分を日本語に訳す場合は、“業務目的”とするよりも、“業務内容”とするのが最も自然だと考えます。 Goal というのは、Objectives で規定されたタスクを通して、会社にどのような貢献をするかについて、具体的に明示する場合に使われます。 この場合の Goal は、“purpose”と表現することもできます。 あるいは、Objectives で規定されたタスクに、具体的な量が示されている場合、それも Goal とされる場合があり、こちらは“target"と表現することもできます。 どちらの場合でも、量や期間などの具体的な値が示されているときには、英語では goal と表現される傾向にあり、定量的ではない事柄の場合には、その内容によって purpose あるいは target と表現されます。 ちなみに、ビジネス英語の世界でも、goal と objective の使い分けにはっきりとした定義がないことは認識されていますが、上記の使い分けは概ね日本語と同様だと考えて差し支えないと思います。 使い分けがはっきりしていないという点については、wikibooksの＜Goals, objectives and targets＞のパートでも言及されています。 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Business_Strategy/Overview_of_S... 一応、ビジネス・プランニングとマーケティング・マネジメントの神様と呼ばれる Philips Kotler氏によると、企業は goal をまず設定し、それを達成するために objectives をはっきりさせて経営すべきだとしています。 http://www.marsdd.com/articles/goals-and-objectives-kotler-o... |
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18 hrs confidence:
| objectives 学習目標 Explanation: http://www2.gsis.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/eLF2003/kyouzai/goal/meika... http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/学習目標 |
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Reference comments
56 mins |
| Reference: FYI Reference information: もく‐ひょう【目標】‥ﾍｳ 目じるし。目的を達成するために設けた、めあて。的(ﾏﾄ)。「—を立てる」「射撃—」 広辞苑 第四版 aim something you hope to achieve by doing something: The main aim of the plan was to provide employment for local people. goal something important that you hope to achieve in the future, even though it may take a long time: The country can still achieve its goal of reducing poverty by a third. target a particular amount or total that you want to achieve: The company is on track to meet its target of increasing profits by 10%. objective the specific thing that you are trying to achieve – used especially about things that have been officially discussed and agreed upon in business, politics etc: Their main objective is to halt the flow of drugs. | We met to set the business objectives for the coming year. ambition something that you very much want to achieve in your future career: Her ambition was to go to law school and become an attorney. | Earlier this year, he achieved his ambition of competing in the Olympic Games. LDOCE ver.5 -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 day7 hrs (2012-07-04 14:06:02 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- 目的と目標の関係がわかるREFERENCEのつもりですが。 |
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