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trainingsleer
Prof. Dr. Tom Whatever

Glossary entry

Dutch term or phrase:

snelkracht

English translation:

speed strength

Added to glossary by Katja van Hellemond
Jul 5, 2010 09:43
13 yrs ago
Dutch term

snelkracht

Dutch to English Other Sports / Fitness / Recreation
home.scarlet.be/~wd947523/kracht.htm I'm in doubt whether peak performance is the word I'm looking for. Any suggestions?
Proposed translations (English)
4 speed strength
4 +1 explosive strength
5 -1 sprint ability
References
From www provided by Asker

Discussion

kamilw Jul 6, 2010:
Yeah you're right, plus they had much better defence which is the key in today's football... I support your team as I've spent quite a bit of time in the Netherlands but I may be in two minds in the final if the Germans qualify cos their two top scorers are Polish! :)
I've learned a lot from your contributions to this discussion too - thanks!
Barend van Zadelhoff Jul 6, 2010:
@ Kamil I have had another close look at the definitions and have arrived at the conclusion that they don't exclude your suggestions and now I am even inclined to support them.

Apparently Oranje haven't lacked speed and explosive strength :-). It was the first match I watched and I think they were the better team, combinations between players were more frequent and more sophisticated, there was more structure to their play. So I suppose they deserved to win.

Thanks for the discussion, which was instructive.
kamilw Jul 6, 2010:
Barend, ik hoop vanavond Oranje hebben genoeg explosieve kracht en snelkracht... Oranje voor kampioen! :)

Yeah, so we're slowly coming to some conclusions and common points in all definitions. Explosive strength is the maximum or almost maximum strength applied in minimal time, and speed strength would be (slightly) lower than maximum strength in a bit extended period (although still short).
I reckon it makes a logical spectrum of "strength kinds", with highest force over the shortest time at one end, and lower applied force over a longer time at the other. The opposite end would be "strength endurance" (I dunno the Dutch term) - the ability to keep your muscles working continuously with moderate to high intensity over a long time. That's perhaps the most useful in rock climbing which I've practised a lot, although explosive strength comes in handy too with more difficult dynamic moves.
Barend van Zadelhoff Jul 6, 2010:
@ Kamil My neighbour, who graduated from the sport academy, is a sports teacher and a passionate athlete, could not tell me what the Dutch equivalents of speed-strength and strength-speed training were. My assumption was these were known training programmes, but it didn't mean much to him :-)

Yes, I thought that your second definition referred to explosive strength, but put in more scientific terms.
In the glossary it is called "speed power", power being defined as F x v (Force x speed of force application)

This would mean that "explosieve kracht" could be translated as "speed strength/power"

but what about "snelkracht"? I am not sure (I hope you don't mind) it should be "speed strength" if we use the following definitions:

explosieve kracht: het eenmalig verplaatsen van een zeer grote weerstand met de grootst mogelijke snelheid (kogelstoten, hoogspringen)

snelkracht: het meerdere malen, zo snel mogelijk na elkaar, overwinnen van een grote weerstand of verplaatsen van een groot gewicht (100 m sprint, 50 m zwemmen)

I would think of "sustained/maintained speed strength/power", or something ?
kamilw Jul 6, 2010:
Katja, graag gedaan! :)
kamilw Jul 5, 2010:
The 2nd definition I quoted ("Speed strength is the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce the greatest possible impulse in the shortest possible time") is IMO not precise and more likely refers to explosive strength.

According to your definitions the main difference would be time. It would be a short moment for explosive strength (we all more or less agree about that) and a bit prolonged time or several repetitions (like in running or swimming sprint) for speed strength.
So according to different sources thare are some different definitions of speed strength.

Power (P) is work (W) performed or energy (E) produced in a unit of time (t). Work, in a simplification, is the force (F) acting over a given distance (s).
IMO 'strength' would still be more precise in this discussion, as this (strength/force) is what we're actually 'measuring' in a given time (longer or shorter).
I look forward to hearing your neighbour's opinion!
Barend van Zadelhoff Jul 5, 2010:
consistency you came up with two definitions in this discussion

the last one: "Speed strength is the ability of the neuromuscular .. "

the first one: "Speed strength is defined as the ability to quickly execute .."

the thought occurred to me that if we replaced "strength" with "power" in the last one (are the English a bit confused as well?), all definitions would be more or less consistent, with the first one corresponding to the speed-strength training of the glossary

the glossary differentiates between "strength power" and "speed power", where "speed power" refers to what we have called "explosieve kracht" and "strength power" to what may be called "maximale kracht"

I intend to ask my neighbour (an expert) about "speed-strength" and "strength-speed" meanwhile I found the following definitions for "explosieve kracht" and "snelkracht"

explosieve kracht: het eenmalig verplaatsen van een zeer grote weerstand met de grootst mogelijke snelheid (kogelstoten, hoogspringen)

snelkracht: het meerdere malen, zo snel mogelijk na elkaar, overwinnen van een grote weerstand of verplaatsen van een groot gewicht (100 m sprint, 50 m zwemmen)

http://www.knkf.nl/media/files/KT_1.pdf
kamilw Jul 5, 2010:
Thanks Barend, really useful glossary. I think those 'strength-speed', 'speed-strength' etc. in there refer to types of training regimens related to building those specific abilities. In Polish sources I've also come across the terms that literally mean 'speed strength' and 'strength speed', referring to physical abilities of muscles. The rest I still remember from my physics lessons, I'm an engineer after all :)
To sum up, I reckon explosive strength and speed strength both mean the ability to exert force in a very short time. In the former the force is close to maximum and in the latter it can be lower.
Barend van Zadelhoff Jul 5, 2010:
@ Kamil I may have found a comprehensive and authoritative glossary. They differentiate between "speed-strength", "strength-speed" and "speed power" :-) See for full entries the glossary.

Strength-speed= This is speed training where there is relatively more contribution from force rather than acceleration. Strength-speed training uses higher intensities than power training and of course speed-strength.

Speed-Strength= This is speed training where there is relatively more contribution from acceleration than force. This uses lower intensities than power training or strength-speed training. (snelkracht?)

Power= Power is the product of force and velocity. So, Power = Force X speed of force application (P = F X v). Power can be improved by two methods: 1) by increasing the amount of force one can produce or 2) by increasing the speed of movement.

As mentioned above, power can be improved with two methods.

Speed power: Speed Power focuses on improving power by improving the rate of contraction of a muscle. The ability to produce force quickly is the goal of this type of training. (speed power = explosieve kracht?)

http://www.gustrength.com/resources:glossary#z
kamilw Jul 5, 2010:
Sources aren't always in agreement with each other:
http://www.coachr.org/spst.htm
"Speed strength is the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce the greatest possible impulse in the shortest possible time. The two aspects to speed strength are starting strength and explosive strength. Starting strength is the force developed in 30ms from the start of a concentric contraction. Explosive strength is the ability to continue the initiated force as fast as possible. The time period is approximately 150ms. It is the maximum rate of force development (RFD) in a maximum isometric contraction."
Katja van Hellemond (asker) Jul 5, 2010:
My apologies, had another look at the link and it is not helpful as I initially thought, it only contributes to the idea the two terms mean the same.
MoiraB Jul 5, 2010:
Sorry, didn't notice your later discussion entry, but I'm totally confused now. What does the URL you gave us have to do with the text you're translating? My assumption that the two terms are synonymous was based on http://home.scarlet.be/~wd947523/kracht.htm .....!
writeaway Jul 5, 2010:
So it has nothing to do with the www you posted? It could be helpful to know......
kamilw Jul 5, 2010:
Katja, as I wrote to Moira, I initially thought they are the same, but I have also found separate definitions of "explosive strength" and "speed strength" describing rather different things, both in English and my native Polish, so I'm a bit confused now.
Also from my own experience in training, "explosive force" is not necessarily the same as "speed force".
Shall I re-enter an answer?
Katja van Hellemond (asker) Jul 5, 2010:
Hi Kamilw,

That certainly looks like a good candidate... Thanks!
Katja van Hellemond (asker) Jul 5, 2010:
Hello Moira,

I'm not mistaken and have noticed the two terms are used synonymously but in the text i'm working this is not the case. Please refer to my discussion entry addressed to Riens.
kamilw Jul 5, 2010:
Maybe this:
"Speed Strength - Speed strength is defined as the ability to quickly execute an unloaded movement or a movement against a relatively small external resistance. For example, working with a punch-out drill against the heavy bag would equate to the execution of a relatively small external resistance, as the weight of the glove is insignificant."
From the same source:
http://www.rosstraining.com/articles/strengthtraining.html

Although from Katja's reference it looked like the author defined explosieve kracht and snelkracht as the same. But maybe it's "speed strength" then?
Katja van Hellemond (asker) Jul 5, 2010:
Hallo Riens,

In de tekst die ik moet vertalen staat bijv. de volgende zin: Een toename van snelkracht heeft ook een toename in explosieve kracht tot gevolg. Vandaar de verwarring!
Riens Middelhof Jul 5, 2010:
Explosieve kracht = snelkracht! "Explosieve of snelkracht is de eigenschap om een uitwendige belasting met een hoge (of de hoogste) contractiesnelheid te overwinnen, dus het vermogen om in de kortst mogelijke tijd een maximum van kracht vrij te maken. Deze kracht is bepalend bij alle spring- en werpnummers."
writeaway Jul 5, 2010:
What does that have to do with http://home.scarlet.be/~wd947523/kracht.htm
Katja van Hellemond (asker) Jul 5, 2010:
Hello Jennifer,
The term comes from an entry test for skate coaches. The definition of 'snelkracht' is "het snel en herhaaldelijk overwinnen van behoorlijke weerstanden" according to google.
Jennifer Barnett Jul 5, 2010:
More context please! Once again, it depends on the context.

Proposed translations

1 hr
Selected

speed strength

It seems that the reference
home.scarlet.be/~wd947523/kracht.htm
is not precise, as "explosieve kracht" and "snelkracht" is not exactly the same.
Explosive force involves the maximum impact in minimal time, while speed strength not neccesarily.

"Speed Strength - Speed strength is defined as the ability to quickly execute an unloaded movement or a movement against a relatively small external resistance. For example, working with a punch-out drill against the heavy bag would equate to the execution of a relatively small external resistance, as the weight of the glove is insignificant."
http://www.rosstraining.com/articles/strengthtraining.html

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day5 hrs (2010-07-06 15:42:31 GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------

Graag gedaan! :)
Something went wrong...
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Hi kamilw, I presented both your options to the client and his answer was : Snelkracht en explosieve kracht zijn twee verschillende soorten kracht. Wij hanteren een (iets) andere definitie van snelkracht waarin startkracht niet voorkomt. Dus voor snelkracht graag speed strength aanhouden. Thank you for your help!"
+1
6 mins

explosive strength

"Explosive Strength - Explosive strength is defined as the ability to express significant tension in minimal time.

Vladimir Zatsiorsky, highly regarded sport biomechanist and former strength and conditioning consultant for the Soviet Union Olympic teams, has stated specifically that:

"The ability to produce maximal forces in minimal time is called explosive strength. Strong people do not necessarily possess explosive strength." (1)

Clearly, the development of one strength quality (ex. max-strength) does not guarantee the development of another (ex. explosive strength). This information may come as a surprise to many athletes who focus all of their strength work to one specific strength quality (ex. the athlete who only lifts heavy loads to development maximal strength).

Explosive strength is a critical strength quality for all competitive athletes."

http://www.rosstraining.com/articles/strengthtraining.html

Quite matches the definition from your source.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 19 mins (2010-07-05 10:03:18 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Sorry, haven't read till the end, only looked at the first paragraphs which suggest this is the same thing. I'll try to find some more.
Note from asker:
Thank you for the input kamilw but this is not what I'm looking for because the text uses the terms explosive strenght and 'snelkracht' to specifically refer to two different types of strenght.
Peer comment(s):
agree MoiraB : Asker is mistaken. The two terms are being used synonymously in Dutch, so 'explosieve (kracht) of snelkracht' would simply be translated as 'explosive strength'/I think it would have been listed separately on site if 'snelkracht' was something different
13 mins
Thanks! I initially thought so, but I have also found separate definitions of "explosive strength" and "speed strength" describing rather different things, both in English and my native Polish, so I'm a bit confused now. // Yeah, that ref. is confusing.
Something went wrong...
-1
28 mins

sprint ability

The ability to run at full speed over a short distance.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 41 mins (2010-07-05 10:25:33 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Well, the text is about skating, not boxing or example, and skating involves sprinting. Unless they are talking about training off the track.
Reference:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339490

Peer comment(s):
disagree Riens Middelhof : Sorry, not every fast muscle movement is a sprint.
9 mins
Well, the text is about skating, not boxing or example, and skating involves sprinting. Unless they are talking about training off the track.
neutral writeaway : misleading and /or too little context. this could be ok but who knows without seeing the actual context if it's not the one posted in the question. Thinking outside the box is often seen as dead wrong ......
30 mins
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Reference comments

13 mins
Reference:

From www provided by Asker

Explosieve of snelkracht is de eigenschap om een uitwendige belasting met een hoge (of de hoogste) contractiesnelheid te overwinnen, dus het vermogen om in de kortst mogelijke tijd een maximum van kracht vrij te maken. Deze kracht is bepalend bij alle spring- en werpnummers.
http://home.scarlet.be/~wd947523/kracht.htm

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 18 mins (2010-07-05 10:01:51 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

the whole text

KRACHT EN KRACHTTRAINING

Kracht

Kracht is één van de belangrijkste conditionele eigenschappen van de menselijke motoriek. Kracht is het vermogen een bepaalde weerstand te overwinnen of tegen te werken door spieractiviteit.

In de sport komt kracht zelden als een geïsoleerde eigenschap tot uiting, maar meestal in combinatie met andere basiseigenschappen zoals snelheid, uithouding en coördinatie.

Men onderscheidt :

- maximale kracht

- explosieve kracht of snelkracht

- krachtuithouding

Maximale kracht, ook absolute of grootste kracht genoemd, is de hoogste spanning die in een spier kan opgewekt worden om een uitwendige weerstand te overwinnen of te stabiliseren. Om maximale kracht te meten wordt het gewicht bepaald dat door een spiergroep éénmaal kan worden verplaatst over de volledige bewegingsbaan. Dit maximum wordt bepaald door de minst gunstige hoek van de bewegingsbaan.

Explosieve of snelkracht is de eigenschap om een uitwendige belasting met een hoge (of de hoogste) contractiesnelheid te overwinnen, dus het vermogen om in de kortst mogelijke tijd een maximum van kracht vrij te maken. Deze kracht is bepalend bij alle spring- en werpnummers.

Krachtuithouding is het vermogen om kracht en uithouding te combineren door een tamelijk hoge krachtinspanning gedurende een lange tijd vol te houden. Deze uithouding kan gemeten worden door het maximum herhalingen die men met een vaste last kan uitvoeren. Bvb. : max. sit ups of max. aantal keren pompen. Men kan ook meten hoelang een bepaalde isometrische contractie kan worden aangehouden. Bvb. : hangen aan een rekstok met gebogen armen.

Deze vorm van kracht is belangrijk voor roeiers, niet voor werpers of springers.
Trainen van kracht

Door regelmatige krachttraining vermeerderen zich de spierfibrillen die zich in de spiervezels bevinden waardoor deze verdikken. Deze hyperplasie (vermeerdering van spiervezels) vindt slechts plaats bij vrij grote belasting. Het zijn vooral belastingen die herhalingen tussen 8 en 12 keer toestaan die leiden tot noemenswaardige ontwikkeling van de spieren. Dit heeft te maken met de energierijke fosfaten (ATP/CP) die bij vermindering van de belasting nauwelijks nog deelnemen aan het beschikbaar stellen van energie. Wordt de belasting verhoogd, dat wordt de werkingstijd te kort voor een efficiënt resultaat.

In de opbouwfase wordt in eerste instantie wekelijks de trainingsomvang vergroot : het aantal reeksen en/of het aantal herhalingen. Variaties van het programma en van de gekozen belasting voorkomen vroegtijdige stagnatie.

Wie gedurende een langere periode regelmatig traint zal ervaren dat er na enige tijd weinig of geen vooruitgang meer te bespeuren is. De spieren wennen zich aan een bepaalde manier van belasten en er moet gezocht worden naar nieuwe prikkels (andere oefeningen).

Om beschadiging van spieren en pezen te vermijden moeten de spieren eerst elastisch gemaakt worden. Een krachttraining moet dus systematisch gestart worden met een opwarming en rekoefeningen om overbelasting van spieren en pezen te voorkomen.

De juiste manier van ademhalen is ook belangrijk bij krachttraining. Uitademen gebeurt tijdens de spiercontractie en inademen tijdens de ontspanning. In geen geval mag de adem worden ingehouden bij een herhaling want dit is zeer belastend voor longen en bloedsomloop.

Men onderscheidt algemene en specifieke krachttraining. Bij algemene krachttraining worden geen discipline gebonden oefeningen gedaan maar er wordt gestreefd naar :

- algemene ontwikkeling van de lichaamsconditie

- het voorbereiden op specifieke krachttraining

- het aanvullen van specifieke krachttraining

Bij specifieke krachttraining worden vooral de spiergroepen ontwikkeld die nodig zijn voor het uitvoeren van de wedstrijdbeweging. Bvb. : werpen met zwaardere werptuigen of springen met lichte belasting
http://home.scarlet.be/~wd947523/kracht.htm
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